Luther And Erasmus Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Luther And Erasmus Essay, Research Paper The nature of single? s function in redemption from the point of position of Luther and Erasmus Erasmus was one of the most intelligent people of his century. In his clip, he was the leader of all bookmans in Europe from Germany to Italy and Spain and from England to Hungary every bit good. He stands above the other humanists and precursors of the reformation. His great mission was to convey back the spirit of classical and Christian. The first portion of his life, specifically until 1524, as being # 8220 ; progressive and reform school ; # 8221 ; the 2nd, until his decease in 1536 was, # 8220 ; conservative and reactionist # 8221 ; . While sing fellow humanist Thomas More in 1509, Erasmus composed In Praise of Folly, his most celebrated and controversial work. Included are onslaughts on superstitious spiritual patterns, noncritical theories held by traditional scientists, and the amour propre of Church leaders. Erasmus attacks superstitious common people beliefs in shades and hobs every bit good as Christian rites affecting supplications to the saints. We will write a custom essay sample on Luther And Erasmus Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One such superstitious notion involved the sale of indulgence certifications by the Catholic Church. An indulgence is a remittal penalty for a wickedness, which reduces the clip, which a individual spends in purgatory. Erasmus continues satirising an array of people and businesss, including provincials, poets, orators, beds and shockable natural scientists. He turns to members of his ain career: those who have taken cloistered vows. They are neither spiritual nor cloistered, and are excessively preoccupied with ritual. Although they take vows of poorness, they however make a of money through beggary. Pulling no clouts, Erasmus attacks the behaviour of church leaders at the highest degrees. The bishops live like princes. He argues that their true map would be apparent if they noted the symbolism of their garb. In all his unfavorable judgment of clerical follies and abuses he had ever carefully hedged himself about with protests that he was non assailing church establishments themselv es and had no hostility toward the individuals of clerics. The immoralities he had combated were either those of signifier, such as had long been a topic of derision by all reasonable work forces, or they were immoralities of a sort that could be cured merely by a long and slow regeneration in the moral and religious life of Europe. In September of 1524, Erasmus came onto the scene with, # 8220 ; The Freedom of Will # 8221 ; . The book by Faulkner titled, Erasmus the Scholar, takes an in-depth expression at what Erasmus had written. His work sing free will took the Catholic position in which adult male is free to accept or reject the grace of God ; that grace is perfectly necessary ; that it is given to adult male, but that its gift does non supplant, but instead stimulates and sanctifies, adult male # 8217 ; s freedom He expresses that to fall back upon person # 8217 ; s spiritual and moral consciousness and state nil farther is an act of piousness. To asseverate the bondage of well is even worse because that would put the psyche of work forces in danger. The right to transgress would be easy derived. Most of these decisions could merely be drawn by educated categories. Erasmus broke down the cogent evidence that could be found within Bible. Erasmus acknowledged that for freedom there are two chief statemen ts. The first being the construct of God as a moral Person ; and the second was the construct of the moral personality of adult male. Erasmus stated some of the undermentioned things: That whoever denies the freedom of the will makes God responsible for wickedness which would be inconsistent with God # 8217 ; s righteousness and goodness. The demands of God upon adult male presume his freedom, otherwise God would be a autocrat. There is human duty merely when this is assumed. Erasmus brought out the point that freedom in the spiritual facet is merely the power to have or reject ageless redemption. This is where he brought race into drama. He did non name it a natural gift of adult male from God, but a transforming working power which goes out from God into the will of adult male. He stated that God could utilize force on adult male, but he does non. His reading concluded that God gives adult male his grace to be accepted or rejected. # 8220 ; Two? offenses? Luther has committed: he has attacked the tiara of the Pope and the abdomens of the monastics # 8221 ; said Erasmus. For a clip Erasmus and Luther were friends. But when Erasmus would non accept some of Luther? s places, Luther hurled venom at the peace-loving bookman. Erasmus was in danger from both cantonments. Protestants said he did non come far plenty ; Catholics threatened him for traveling excessively far. For Erasmus, the Christian life was above all things Christ himself. Luther and Erasmus advocated a return to antiquity and an exhilaration for the aureate age of Christianity and heathen Rome. They both had an involvement in rebellions against the medieval Scholasticism. Another similarity lies in their child-hoods. They were both born into an epoch of individuality. After Erasmus? # 8220 ; The freedom of Will # 8221 ; , Luther came out with # 8220 ; Slavery of the Will. # 8221 ; Luther thanked Erasmus for concentrating on the topic of free will entirely and non traveling into contentions like the Catholic Pope or indulgences. In his work, Luther points out his position on the issue. He felt that with God # 8217 ; s almighty power that all things happen by necessity, and that there can be no freedom of adult male. He made the comparing of a Equus caballus traveling merely where its rider takes it. Luther did non believe that all Bible should be taken earnestly. Particularly those affecting penitence and sanctum life. He believes they should be taken as God seeking to state adult male to seek to atone and make good, shortly you will happen out that it can non be done. Another interesting point that Luther brings up is that we can neer cognize when we have done plenty, unless all opinion comes from God ; but the of all time all-working God is the, # 8220 ; certain stone of our salvation. # 8221 ; Another difference in which Luther separates himself is perceptual experience of the Holy Spirit. Luther excuses the power of the Holy Spirit as being unneeded Erasmus makes the factor of God non merely necessary but the major portion. This work by Luther makes it easy to see that he was really glued to his position that God was so powerful that He was invariably environing all and doing their activities. Luther is quoted as stating, # 8220 ; I gorge like a Bohemian and gulp down my spirits like a German # 8221 ; ( Zweig 132 ) . Luther besides spoke in a powerful German voice that was full of energy. Erasmus on the other manus was seen as a adult male of mind. He was delicate with just tegument and a pleasant voice, unlike that of Luther # 8217 ; s. His behaviour was seen as slightly capturing and graceful. Erasmus kept his head unfastened to a broad assortment of subjects. Luther had a more narrow concentration of ideas. However, every idea that came his manner would unite with his personality to organize something like him. This made his looks strong and powerful, deriving attending from the remainder of the universe. Erasmus? end was repose of the psyche and peace and Luther had his head set on the activation of emotional tenseness. While analyzing Luther and Erasmus, I found some interesting influences between them. At the same clip, each other influenced them, they were besides offended by each other in some ways. Erasmus emphasized that to be a true Christian, one has to intend what he says alternatively of merely stating it and one has to populate by Bible alternatively of merely reading the Bible. He believed that the single function in redemption was to believe, to talk, to read and to populate with Christianity before the Antiquity or Ancient Roman classical humanity. Luther makes a connexion between religion and wickedness. The really beginning of all wickedness is the disbelief in the deepness of one? s bosom. Just as faith alone gives one the spirit and the desire for making plants that are obviously good, so unbelief is the exclusive cause of wickedness. He believed that no 1 can give religion to himself, nor free himself from disbelief and God is the 1 with the power that one must make # 8220 ; works # 8221 ; to go unsloped and attain redemption.

262 SAT Vocab Words You Must Know

262 SAT Vocab Words You Must Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A lot of students immediately think of vocabulary when they hear the word SAT. But are SAT vocab words really that important for doing well on the test? Kind of. If you’re aiming for a high score, you’ll definitely want to spend some time learning key SAT words. In this guide, we give you a comprehensive list of 262 of the most common SAT vocabulary words. We also explain how vocab is tested on the SAT, what types of questions you’ll see, and how to get the most out of your vocab prep. How Is Vocabulary Tested on the SAT? The SAT underwent a significant redesign in 2016, and since then vocabulary has become a far less important part of the test. This is because there are fewer vocabulary questions on the current SAT than there were on the old SAT. That said, it'll still benefit you to study vocab, especially if you're aiming for a high or perfect score. All SAT words are about medium difficultyand aretested in the context of reading passages, so you’ll get not just a sentence but an entire paragraph or passage to work with. Context clues make memorizing SAT vocab words less important on the current SAT than it was on the old SAT, back when you had to memorize dozens of obscure words and answer questions that dealt with isolated sentences (these were called Sentence Completion problems).This made vocab questions particularly hard since you were given minimal context with which to solve them. What Do SAT Vocabulary Questions Look Like? Purely vocabulary-based questions don’t make up a large part of the SAT. Based on our analysis of official SAT practice tests,13% of the Reading section (or about seven questions) ask you to match a word with its correct meaning.We call theseWords in Contextquestions. For these questions, you'll need to know alternative meanings of relatively common words, such as â€Å"directly† and â€Å"hold.† While you mightcome across slightly more difficult SAT words, you generally shouldn’t see any as hard as those on the old SAT. Here's an example of a Reading vocabulary question (with the relevant part of the passage shown): Source: Official SAT Practice Test #1 In addition to Words in Context questions, you’ll getquestions that require you to pick a single word or phrase in order to paraphrase or clarify part of a passage.With these questions, you must understand what allthe SAT vocab words mean so that you can choose the right answer. Here are some examples of these questions: A sample SAT question with single vocab words as answer choices. (Source: Official SAT Practice Test #1) A sample SAT question with phrases as answer choices. (Source: Official SAT Practice Test #2) In these examples, you'll need to know the definitions of a variety of SAT vocabulary words, such as â€Å"substantiated,† â€Å"freewheeling,† and â€Å"scandalous,† so that you can select the right answer choice. Are There Any Vocab Questions on SAT Writing? Aside from the Reading section, are there any SAT vocab questions on the Writing and Language section? The quick answer is yes- you will see vocab questions on Writing and Language. While most questions in this section focus on grammar, transitions, and tense, you'll also get some vocab questions that ask you to replace SAT words in a passage; we call thesePrecision questions. In total, you’ll get three Precision questions, making upabout 7% of the SAT Writing section. Here's an example of a Precision question (with the relevant part of the passage shown): Source: Official SAT Practice Test #2 262 SAT Vocab Words You’re Bound to See on Test Day Now that you know what kinds of vocab questions are on the SAT, let's go over the 262 words and definitions we suggest memorizing if you want to get high scores on SAT Reading and Writing. To compile this list, we dug through all official SAT practice tests, looking atboth the Reading and Writing sections (and not just the questions but the answer choices and passages, too).We also looked at SAT words from other online vocab lists. Though you don’t need to memorize all the words below, familiarizing yourself with most of them should help you better identify the tones of passages and make you more efficient at interpreting and answering questions correctly on SAT Reading and Writing. Below, we give you each word, its part of speech, its definition, and an example sentence (or more if the word has multiple definitions/parts of speech). All words are listed in alphabetical order. Word Definition Example Sentence Abate v. to become less active, less intense, or less in amount As I began my speech, my feelings of nervousness quickly abated. Abstract adj. existing purely in the mind; not representing actual reality Julie had trouble understanding the appeal of the abstract painting. Abysmal adj. extremely bad I got an abysmal grade on my research paper! Accordingly adv. in accordance with All students must behave accordingly. Acquisition n. the act of gaining a skill or possession of something Language acquisition is easier for kids than it is for adults. Adapt v. to make suit a new purpose v. to accommodate oneself to a new condition, setting, or situation The US has adapted many foreign foods to better suit the tastes of Americans. Dogs are known for their ability to quickly adapt to their environments. Adept adj. having knowledge or skill (usu. in a particular area) Beth loves playing the piano, but she’s especially adept at the violin. Adequate adj. having sufficient qualifications to meet a specific task or purpose Though his resume was adequate, the company doubted whether he’d be a good fit. Advent n. the arrival or creation of something (usu. historic) The world has never been the same since the advent of the light bulb. Adversarial adj. relating to hostile opposition An adversarial attitude will make you many enemies in life. Advocate n.someone who promotes or defends something v. to defend or promote something (usu. a belief, theory, opinion, etc.) I am anadvocatefor free higher education. Environmental protesters often advocate for cleaner energy practices. Aesthetic adj. relating to beauty or refined taste The aesthetic decorations at the wedding reception made you feel as if you were a character in a fairy tale. Afford v. to be able to buy v. to be able to spare He’s saving money so he can afford to buy a new car. I can’t afford to lose any more pencils! Agitate v. to promote something (usu. a cause) They’re agitating for better health care. Allow v. to permit or consent to US law allows citizens to speak freely. Allude v. to make a secretive mention of something She alluded to the problem at hand but didn’t say anything more about it. Altercation n. a noisy argument or confrontation Greg got into an altercation with a stranger at the bar. Ambiguous adj. unclear or vague in meaning Her ambiguous statement made me question whether she could be trusted. Ambitious adj. having a powerful desire for success or achievement Penny is so ambitious, she wants to be president someday. Ambivalence n. the state of being uncertain or stuck between two or more options His ambivalence prevented him from immediately signing the contract. Analogous adj. similar but not identical Green onions are considered analogous to spring onions. Annihilate v. to destroy or cause devastating destruction The dictator sent orders to annihilate the group of rebels. Anomaly n. something different from the norm This result is an anomaly and very rarely happens. Anticipate v. assume to be likely to happen The party was just as fun as I had anticipated it would be. Antipathy n. a strong feeling of dislike Her antipathy toward the professor was obvious: she rolled her eyes whenever he entered the classroom. Apex n. the highest point of something The spring play was the apex of our school year. Apprehension n. fearful expectation of something Her apprehension to leave her house resulted in her missing the train. Articulate v. to clearly express in words She articulated her opinion on the price of the house. Artificial adj. something made; not occurring naturally Many candies use artificial flavors to make them taste fruity. Assertion n. a strong declaration His assertion that sharks are mammals made everyone laugh. Austere adj. extremely plain adj. stern and forbidding adj. relating to self-denial He lived in a small, austere cabin in the middle of the woods. My boss had an austere expression on her face. An austere lifestyle, like that of monks, isn’t for everybody. Authenticity n. the quality of being real and true instead of fake and contrived The police officer doubted the authenticity of the suspect’s story. Avenue n. an intangible path or approach to something The company has decided to pursue other avenues. Avid adj. actively interested in or enthusiastic about something Gerald is an avid soccer fan. Basic adj. relating to the foundation or basis of something You have to start with basic Russian before you can move on to the advanced level. Bear v. to have as a characteristic v. to have (a child) v. to bring forth v. to put up with She bears a strong resemblance to your mother. Judy will bear her first child last year. My garden is going to bear pumpkins this year. I can’t bear her complaining any longer! Benevolent adj. kind, generous Many cultures believe in benevolent spirits. Bias n. a preconception that prevents objectivity It’s important to avoid bias when investigating a crime. Bittersweet adj. tinged with a feeling of sadness The ending of the romance movie was bittersweet. Bolster v. to support, strengthen, or fortify If we work together, we should be able to lift and then bolster the couch. Boost n.an increase or growth v. to increase or make grow Theboostin profits was a welcome change. In order to boost profits, you need to cater to your customers. Brawl n. an intense, loud fight v. to fight loudly and disruptively A brawl broke out at school today after one student accused another of cheating. The two students brawled for an hour. Brevity n. the quality of being brief or terse The brevity of their time together made it all the more romantic. Candid adj. direct, blunt Josh is candid about his desire to become an actor. Candor n. the trait of being honest and frank I admire her candor, especially when nobody else bothers to speak up. Capitalize v. to use to your advantage I’d like to capitalize on your math skills by having your work the cash register. Capture v. to trap or take possession of v. to successfully represent or imitate v. to captivate, mesmerize v. to catch or seize The spy was captured by the enemy. Your painting beautifully captures the ephemerality of life. I was captured by her beauty. The cops captured the criminal three days after the incident. Civic adj. relating to the city or citizens Voting is a civic duty. Clinical adj. emotionally unattached (usu. used in medical or scientific setting) Her clinical approach to situations allows her to handle them more effectively. Clout n. special advantage or power Children of rich and famous people often believe they have a lot of clout. Coarse adj. indicating a rough texture adj.lacking refinement or sophistication The horse’s mane was coarse, as if it had never been washed. The queen’s coarse way of speaking surprised the other members of royalty. Coincide v. to happen at the same time It wasn’t until after I booked my ticket that I realized the concert coincided with my finals. Commission n. the use of payment to request something (e.g., a service or product) This painting was commissioned by a rich merchant in 1589. Comparable adj. able to be compared This novel is comparable to Huckleberry Finn. Competent adj. sufficiently qualified We need to hire a competent web developer to create a good website for our company. Complacent adj. satisfied, with no desire to change or improve Though he had never won any awards or even been published, he was complacent with his life as a poet. Complement v. to make perfect or complete This wine perfectly complements this platter of gourmet cheese. Concede v. to be forced to agree or surrender v. to admit to a transgression With no chance of winning the battle, the army at last conceded. Dan conceded to pranking his sister. Conceive v. to imagine or come up with The plan to build the city was originally conceived in the early 1900s. Condone v. to overlook, approve, or allow She couldn't condone her daughter's rebellious behavior. Conducive adj. able to bring about or be suitable for The noisy students hardly made the campus library conducive to studying. Conduct v. to control or manage v. to behave a certain way The group conducted their research abroad last year. Be sure to conduct yourself accordingly. Confide v. to share something secretive with someone She confided all of her biggest secrets in her best friend. Confine v. to put limits on; to restrict We are going to confine the use of this drinking fountain. Consensus n. overall agreement After weeks of debating, the panel finally came to a consensus. Constitute v. to form or compose (part of) something The desire for equality constituted the civil rights movement. Contemplate v. to think deeply about She contemplated telling her teacher about the cheating student. Contend v. to maintain or assert (an opinion) The president contends that the US government will not negotiate with terrorists. Contradict v. to be in contrast with The camera footage contradicts his alibi. Controversial adj. highly debatable and causing contention Millions of viewers watched the controversial debate take place. Conventional adj. abiding by accepted standards She lives a conventional life in the suburbs. Convey v. to pass on or transfer (information) I have trouble conveying my thoughts in French. Conviction n. a firm belief in something Her religious convictions prevent her from eating meat. Corroborate v. to provide evidence for; to back up (a claim) The note signed by her father corroborates her claim that she was absent from class that day. Counteract v. to work in opposition to This ingredient seems to counteract the other ones. Counterargument n. an argument used to criticize or dismantle another argument Make sure to include a counterargument in your essay so that you can show you’ve considered the topic from all perspectives. Counterproductive adj. hindering the achievement of a goal Bill’s idea to take a shortcut was ultimately counterproductive: it took us twice as long to get to the train station. Culmination n. the final act or climax The culmination of the performance was unforgettable. Cultivate v. to foster the growth of Teachers don’t just pass on new information to students- they cultivate their academic potential. Decree v. to declare formally and with authority The president decreed that Halloween would henceforth be a national holiday. Deference n. respect; regard Her deference to the elderly makes her the perfect candidate for an internship at the retirement center. Deficient adj. not enough in degree or amount I feel as though the sources for my paper are deficient. Demonstrate v. to do as an example v. gives evidence for Could you demonstrate the dance move for me? This book’s use of words such as â€Å"grim† and â€Å"bleak† demonstrates the author’s mournful tone. Demur v. to object to She demurred at my request to transfer to a different department. Deplete v. to (over)use over time (usu. resources) The lost campers quickly depleted their supply of food. Desolate adj.bare, barren, empty The moon is one giant,desolate landscape. Devise v. to come up with (a plan) Lana devised a plan to make herself famous. Dilemma n. a problem, usually requiring a choice between two options The main dilemma is whether to pay for a commercial or not. Diligence n. conscientiousness; the quality of being committed to a task Diligence and confidence will get you far in life. Diminish v. to become smaller in scope or degree The itchiness of mosquito bites usually starts to diminish after a few days. Dire adj. hopeless and dangerous or fearful When the police didn’t explain what was happening right away, Jane knew that the situation must be dire. Discord n.disagreement Disputes over money caused intensediscordin the family. Disdain n. a lack of respect and strong dislike (toward something or someone) He looked at me with such disdain that I immediately knew the job wouldn’t work out. Dismay n.hopelessness, stress, or consternation v. to fill with woe or apprehension To Nick’s dismay, he got an F on the test. Many were dismayed by the town’s implementation of metered parking. Disparage v. to belittle or speak down to A good boss is stern but never disparages his or her employees. Dispatch v. to send off a message or messenger The mother dispatched her daughter to their neighbor’s house. Diversification n. the act of becoming diverse Lately, there’s been noticeable diversification of students at higher institutions. Doctrine n. a principle, theory, or position, usu. advocated by a religion or gov’t Devoutly religious people often live their lives according to their doctrines. Dominion n. power and authority (usu. over a territory) n. a legal territory The country claimed to have dominion over parts of Russia. Puerto Rico is a dominion of the US. Dreary adj. sad, gloomy, dull The gray clouds in the sky made the day feel dreary. Dubious adj. doubtful, questionable The man’s claims to the throne were dubious since nobody knew where he’d come from. Eccentric adj. peculiar or odd; deviating from the norm She’s a little eccentric but still fun to be around. Egregious adj. extremely bad After cheating on the exam, Emily began to feel as though she’d made an egregious mistake. Eloquent adj. having refined or expressive communication skills (in speaking or writing) His speech was not only eloquent but also extremely compelling. Eminent adj. superior or distinguished; high in position or status Our town made news when the eminent magician came to perform at our local theater. Emit v. to discharge, give forth, or release Plants consume carbon dioxide and emit oxygen. Emphatic adj. very expressive; using emphasis Her emphatic smile told me she was excited to ride the roller coaster. Empirical adj. derived from experience, observation, or an experiment You need empirical evidence to support your claim. Endow v. to equip or bestow (usu. a quality or ability) According to the myth, the gods endowed him with the gift of healing. Endure v. to withstand, sustain, or hold out against I can’t endure this wait any longer. Will Stanford accept or reject me? Entail v. to involve or include A doctoral program entails long nights and a heavy workload. Entrenched adj. firmly established Her face will forever be entrenched in my memory. Enumerate v. to specify or count I can’t enumerate how many times I’ve had to remind my students when their papers are due. Envy n. excessive jealousy v. to admire and be jealous of His envy of her is quite obvious. She envies her coworker's social skills. Erratic adj. having no fixed course; deviating from the norm The car became erratic after slipping on ice. Establish v. to enact v. to found (a business, group, school, etc.) They established a law that made it illegal to drive after drinking any amount of alcohol. Our group established a new branch in Chicago. Evoke v. to draw forth or call up Horror movies are great at evoking fear. Exacerbate v. to make worse or increase the severity of The doctor told me not to run as it can exacerbate my knee injury. Excel v. to do something extremely well or to be superior in She was a well-rounded student but excelled especially in science. Exert v. to put into use (usu. as effort) Don’t exert all of your energy at once. Exhilarating adj. invigorating, stimulating, or exciting The music playing at the club was catchy and exhilarating. Expend v. to use up (as in energy or money) Be careful not to expend all your energy in the first half of a marathon. Exploit v. to use selfishly or for profit The shoddy company exploited its workers by paying them extremely low wages. Facilitate v. to aid the progress of In grad school, advisors facilitate students’ research and offer constructive criticism. Feasibility n. the practicality or possibility of something The feasibility of her project was doubtful; she’d have to go all the way to Antarctica and back before the school year ended. Ferocity n. viciousness, violence The lion is just one wild animal known for its ferocity. Fiscal adj.related to (government) money Fiscal policy is how the government uses money to influence the economy. Flourish v. to prosper, grow, or make fast progress After one year, the tiny plants had flourished into a breathtaking garden. Fluctuate v. to be unstable; to rise and fall Stocks can fluctuate on a daily basis, making it difficult to determine when to buy or sell one. Foment v.to stir up The civilians accused their leader offomentingpolitical unrest. Foreseeable adj. capable of being predicted or anticipated I can't imagine aliens visiting us in the foreseeable future. Frankly adv. directly, clearly I frankly don’t see the point in learning to drive. Freewheeling adj. carefree His freewheeling attitude often got him in trouble at work. Fundamental adj. the most essential or most basic part A thesis is arguably the most fundamental part of an essay. Galvanizing adj. thrilling, exciting, stimulating The galvanizing performance left everyone spellbound. Geriatric adj. relating to old age I became interested in geriatric medicine shortly after my grandfather passed away from cancer. Hostile adj. harmful, dangerous The voices around the corner sounded angry, hostile even. Hypothetical adj. supposed; related to a hypothesis For my physics homework, I must come up with a hypothetical situation. Ignominious adj.publicly shameful or humiliating The politician's expensive campaign ultimately ended inignominious defeat. Impart v. to transmit, bestow, or disclose Parents must impart common sense to their children. Impartiality n. the equal and objective treatment of opposing views To ensure impartiality, we require everyone to follow these general guidelines. Imposing adj. impressive (esp. in size or appearance) The old mansion was imposing in its huge size and gothic architecture. Imposition n. an unnecessary burden If it’s not too much of an imposition, could you proofread my paper? Imprudent adj. not cautious or prudent; rash Backpacking abroad can be fun, but don’t be imprudent about money. Incite v. to encourage or stir up Her hateful words incited anger in the crowd. Indifference n. apathy, emotional detachment The girl’s indifference toward her brother upset their parents. Indiscriminately adv. randomly; with little or no distinction Lottery winners are chosen indiscriminately. Indulge v. to give into; to satisfy or gratify My friend loves to indulge in cheesy romance movies. Infer v. to guess, conclude, or derive by reasoning You can infer from this quotation that the writer didn’t care for â€Å"pretty† language. Innovative adj. novel or new (esp. as an idea or invention) Her invention was incredibly innovative and won her multiple awards. Insatiable adj. can’t be satisfied A vampire’s thirst for blood is said to be insatiable. Inversion n. a reversal The culture’s norms were an inversion of our own. Invoke v. to call on; to appeal to (e.g., a higher power) The shaman attempted to invoke a demon. Irreconcilable adj. incapable of being in harmony or agreed upon The couple’s differences were ultimately irreconcilable, giving them no choice but to break up. Lament v. to feel sorrow for; to mourn Susan lamented her missed chance at going to Europe with her high school class. Locomotion n. movement Physics involves the study of locomotion. Lucrative adj. capable of making a lot of money; profitable Writing books isn’t a particularly lucrative career, unless you’re J.K. Rowling. Malicious adj. harmful, spiteful The malicious spirit drove out the inhabitants from their home. Malleable adj. capable of being molded or changed Children’s minds are malleable but only for so long. Materialistic adj. superficial; focus on material possessions Many people accuse Americans of being materialistic. Melodramatic adj. extravagant or exaggerated (as of a melodrama) The melodramatic play was well liked by the audience. Modest adj. simple and humble adj. small in size or amount They moved into a modest house in the countryside. I received a modest sum of money for my help at the company event. Modify v. to change, alter, or tweak Dr. Nguyen modified the gene so that it wouldn’t carry the disease. Momentous adj. historically significant Her win in the election was momentous. Novel adj. new, innovative We are looking for novel ways to approach the project. Nuance n. asubtle difference in meaning Body-language experts even understand the nuances of facial expressions. Null adj. legally void and ineffective The government declared their marriage null. Objectivity n. judgment based on observations instead of emotions or opinions In scientific research, objectivity is of utmost importance. Obsolete adj. no longer used; rare or uncommon Historians assumed record players would be obsolete by now, but in fact they’re making a huge comeback. Omnipotent adj. almighty and all powerful Gods are omnipotent beings who can control human destiny. Onset n. the beginning or early stages At the onset of her career as a lawyer, things were looking up. Opine v. to openly express an opinion The new employee opined at the company meeting. Ornate adj. highly detailed and decorated That ornate silverware must be worth thousands of dollars! Oust v. to remove or force out of (usu. a position or office) Sick and tired of putting up with his bad moods, the pirates ousted their captain. Paramount adj. predominant, superior, most important Our paramount concern is the safety of our employees. Peculiar adj. strange, bizarre Upon entering the abandoned house, Kate experienced a peculiar feeling, as if someone was watching her. Perish v. to die; to pass away According to the news, nobody perished in the fire. Persecute v. to cause suffering to They will persecute anyone who doesn’t agree with their views of the world. Petulant adj.cranky, pouty, irritable Petulant children are especially difficult to care for. Pinnacle n. highest level or degree Many believe that composers such as Beethoven and Mozart represent the pinnacle of classical music. Pitiable adj. deserving pity The frail-looking dog was pitiable, so I gave it some food and took it inside to care for it. Plausible adj. reasonable and possibly true Her story is plausible, but that doesn’t mean she’s telling the truth. Postulate v. to assert The literary critic postulates that romanticism and naturalism are actually interconnected. Potent adj. having great influence adj. having a strong, chemical effect The bald eagle is a potent symbol of the US. The potion was definitely potent- it healed my wounds immediately! Pragmatic adj. practical, useful It’s not necessarily more pragmatic to study engineering than it is to study philosophy. Precedent n. an example or subject from earlier in time This change in law is without historical precedent. Predecessor n. someone who comes before you (usu. in position or office) My predecessor gave me many tips for running the office. Prescribe v. to command orders v. to issue authorization for medications The directions for our essay prescribe a length of at least ten pages. A doctor must prescribe you this medication before you can begin taking it. Principle n. basic truth, assumption, or rule Remember the universal principle: treat others as you want them to treat you. Prohibit v. to command against, to outlaw Alcohol was prohibited in the US in the 1920s. Prompt adj.punctual, on time n.a cue to begin something; instructions v. to incite, propel, or cause to act She is alwayspromptwhen it comes to turning in her homework. I had to write an essay based on aprompt. The possibility of a scholarship prompted him to apply to Harvard. Promulgate v. to put into law or formally declare The ruler will at last promulgate an amnesty with the neighboring countries. Prosecute v. to bring criminal action against someone (in a trial) The suspect was prosecuted yesterday. Provocative adj. intending to provoke, inspire, or arouse Her nude paintings are considered quite provocative. Qualitative adj. involving qualities of something (features and content) I noticed a qualitative change in her paintings. Quantitative adj. involving quantities (numbers and amounts) We must conduct a quantitative analysis. Quirk n. a strange habit His biggest quirk is his love of old marbles. Ramify v. to split into two or more branches Cars ramified throughout the world in the twentieth century. Rash adj. without attention to danger or risk Her rash decision to pass the car nearly resulted in a crash. Raw adj. unrefined adj. not processed; uncooked (as in food) He’s got raw talent as a singer, but he needs to work on his performance skills. In some countries, such as Japan, it is normal to eat raw fish. Readily adv. right away and without difficulty Water was readily available at different points in the race. Reconsideration n. thinking again about a previously made choice The judges’ reconsideration of her performance resulted in her victory. Reform n. a change for the better; improvement v. to improve via change The reform made it so that only those 18 and older can legally drive. The government reformed its vague policies on marijuana use. Refute v. to prove to be untrue, unfounded, or incorrect The student refuted the professor’s claim in class. Reinforce v. to strengthen or add support to We can use these pipes to reinforce the structure. Reluctantly adv. somewhat unwillingly Max reluctantly agreed to see the horror movie with his friends. Renounce v. to give up (usu. power or a position) v. to cast off Our CEO renounced her position yesterday. He renounced his friend after he caught her stealing money from him. Reproach v. to criticize The mother reproached her daughter’s school for making students come in during a blizzard. Repudiate v. to refuse to recognize as true v. to cast off The father repudiated his son’s marriage. She repudiated her son once she found out he’d married someone without telling her. Retention n. the act of keeping something Water retention can make you weigh more on certain days. Satiated adj. satisfied (usu. in hunger) I felt satiated after eating a snack. Savvy adj. having practical intelligence or knowledge My brother is not very savvy when it comes to using public transportation. Scandalous adj. morally offensive, often causing damage to one’s reputation The scandalous politician decided it was best to resign from office. Scorn v. to look down on with disdain It’s difficult for me not to scorn those who use improper grammar. Scrupulous adj. paying great attention to detail I am a scrupulous proofreader and never miss an error. Scrutinize v. to examine carefully and critically The teacher scrutinized her students’ essays. Secrete v. to produce or release (a substance) Trees secrete a sticky substance called sap. Sentiment n. opinion n. a tender or moving gesture I am of the sentiment that you should never give out your passwords to anyone. Even though I’m not a big fan of porcelain dolls, I appreciated the sentiment. Sheer adj. so thin that light can shine through The curtains on the window were so sheer you could clearly see inside the house. Simple adj. easy; not complex adj. undecorated This math problem is so simple even a first grader can solve it. The simple beauty of the ocean is what makes it memorable. Sinister adj. ominous, evil Medieval peasants believed sinister demons could harm humans. Solidarity n. the joining of commonalities or common purposes among a group I stood in solidarity with other female students by refusing to wear the school’s sexist uniform. Sparingly adv. insufficiently, meagerly, or in a restricted manner Due to my condition, I must eat salt sparingly. Spawn v. to release eggs v. to call forth or generate Frogs typically spawn in ponds. The topic spawned an ongoing debate among his family members. Spur v. to stimulate or incite Her bravery spurred others to act. Squalid adj. run-down, sordid, or sleazy The squalid cabin needed a new roof and an exterminator. Stark adj. very plain; devoid of any details or features Looking out at the stark landscape, I felt a keen sense of isolation. Static adj. motionless adj. changeless The ball is static. Her life has been static for the past three years. Subordinate adj. lower in rank n. someone lower in rank v. to make dependent on or put at a lower rank The subordinate officers work every day. My subordinate will check you in. You aren’t my boss- you can’t subordinate me to the role of receptionist! Subsequently adv. happening later or after something I subsequently went home. Substantial adj. very large in amount or degree I was shocked to find a substantial amount of money beneath the park bench. Substantiate v. to strengthen with new evidence or facts It is important for scientists to substantiate their theories whenever possible. Subtle adj. hard to detect or analyze I detected in her expression a subtle hint of irritation. Sufficient adj. enough; just meeting a requirement These boxes should be sufficient for our move. Surly adj. unfriendly; inclined to anger The bartender was a surly fellow who wasn’t afraid to start a fight. Surmount v.to get on top of or overcome They managed to surmount the language barrier by using a translation app. Susceptible adj. to be vulnerable (to something) Children are more susceptible to certain illnesses than adults are. Tactful adj. skilled at dealing with people Her tactful attitude toward our class made her one of my favorite teachers. Taut adj. pulled tight The rubberband was taut and ready to be fired. Teeming adj. abundantly filled (usu. with living organisms) Doorknobs are not as clean as they look and are often teeming with germs. Temperament n. usual mood or feelings She had a hostile temperament, making her intimidating to most people. Tentative adj. not yet finalized We haven’t made any official arrangements yet, but the tentative location for our wedding is Hawaii. Transparent adj. see-through; so thin that light can shine through adj. truthful or easy to perceive Stained window glass isn’t as transparent as regular window glass is. She was transparent about her plans to end her marriage. Treacherous adj. dangerous and unstable The journey was becoming treacherous, but they continued on regardless. Tremendous adj. very large, good, or bad in degree or size Tremendous news! You don’t have to repay your loans! Ubiquitous adj.being everywhere at once Cell phones are ubiquitous these days. Unadorned adj. undecorated, plain Though the dress was cheap and unadorned, it was by far her favorite one on the rack. Undermine v. to weaken or subvert (usu. gradually or secretly) Parents should take care not to constantly undermine their children. Underscore v. to emphasize or give additional weight to This sentence seems to underscore the overall meaning of the passage. Undulate v. to move as ripples or in a wavy pattern Belly dancers are known for their ability to skillfully undulate their stomachs. Unilateral adj. one-sided The unilateral decision was deemed unfair by the other party involved. Unjust adj. unfair; not justified The court’s decision is unjust- he should not go free. Unmitigated adj. downright, utter, total My speech was an unmitigated disaster! Unprecedented adj. completely new and never having happened before; historic The number of protestors was unprecedented. Unveil v. to make visible; to reveal We plan to unveil our plans for the new company project on Sunday. Urge n.desire or impulse v. to encourage or persuade He had theurgeto tell his parents about his acceptance to Columbia but decided against it. She urged her sister to apply to Stanford. Validate v. to prove or declare valid Your selfish actions do not validate your feelings for me. Viability n. ability to be done in a practical or useful way The viability of the solution is questionable. Vital adj. urgently necessary It is vital that you respond by the deadline. Vow v. to promise My brother quickly broke his vow to never eat chocolate again. Warrant v. to prove to be reasonable Wanting to look cool in front of your friends doesn’t warrant breaking the law. Yield n.production of an amount v. to give way to or surrender to v. to produce or supply The farmer’s annual pumpkinyieldexceeded 10,000. Cars turning right on red must yield to oncoming traffic. Our experiment yielded many unique-looking vegetables. How to Study SAT Words Effectively: 3 Essential Tips Now that you've got a huge list of SAT vocabulary words you can work with, what’s the best way to study them? Here are three key tips to help you get the most out of your SAT vocab studies. #1: Make Flashcards and Use the Waterfall Method One of the absolute best ways to study SAT vocab words is to make flashcards.This lets you control which SAT words you study and even randomizes them so that you don't accidentally memorize words in a predetermined order. We recommend using the waterfall methodto study your flashcards.With this method, you'll get to see all the words in your deck, going over the most challenging words more often than the ones you already know or sort of know. Here's how to use the waterfall method: Once you’ve made your flashcards, split them up into decks (you can put whatever words you want in these decks) of about 30-50 cards each. Choose one deck to be your Starting Stack. Go through your Starting Stack, looking at each and every card. For the words you know, put them in a Know It pile. For the words you don’t know, put them in a separate Struggled pile as so: Now, pick up your Struggled pile and go through each card in it (leave your Know It pile where it is). Put the cards you know in a second Know It pile and the ones you don’t know in a Struggled pile. You should now have two Know It piles and one Struggled pile: Repeat this process of picking up your Struggled pile and going through each card until you’re left with about one to five cards in your Struggled pile: By now you should know most, if not all, cards in your deck.But it isn’t enough to just go through them once- you also have to work back up your â€Å"waterfall† of cards. To do this, combine your Struggled pile with your last Know It pile (the pile closest to the Struggled pile). This will be your Working pile. Go through all the cards in this pile. If there are any words you forgot, go through the entire pile again and again until you've learned all the definitions in it. Continue this pattern by combining your current Working pile with the next Know It pile. Go through all these cards until you know each one. At the end, you should have made your way all the back to your original Starting Stack. You now know all the SAT words and their meanings in your deck!Repeat this waterfall method with the other decks you make so that you can learn even more critical SAT vocab words. #2: Focus On Words You Don’t Know If you don’t have time to study the entire list above or only want to learn some SAT words, use our list to make a new vocab list containing only the words you don’t know. So if you know a word or are fairly sure you’ll be able to recognize it on test day, skip it and instead focus onthe words you’ll have the most trouble remembering.Once you have your list, use the waterfall method to study it. If you’re not a fan of paper flashcards, you can opt for digital flashcards. Anki is a free software you can download and use to make your own flashcards. The program uses spaced-repetition software (SRS) to show you difficult cards more often than those you know (basically, a digital version of the waterfall method). #3: Take Official SAT Practice Tests Since the majority of the words in our list above come fromofficial SAT practice tests, once you’ve studied these SAT words, you can put your knowledge to the test by taking a practice test.This letsyou see whether you truly know the meanings of the words andwhether you’ll be able to get the right answers in the context of a full-length, timed test- just like the real SAT. If you miss any questions because you forgot the meaning of a word, go back over our SAT vocab words list using your flashcards and the waterfall method. The Best SAT Vocab Flashcards If you plan to make your own SAT vocab flashcards from our list, you'll needat least 300 blank index cards and a system to keep them organized. These basic cards are an affordable option that are also available infun colors. You can keep them organized with plastic baggies or rubber bands, or you can get an organizer. Alternatively, trythese easy-flip flashcardsthatinclude binder clips. Though we strongly recommend making your own flashcards, you can also buy pre-made ones. There aren't a lot of options for the new SAT. We'd recommend going withBarron's00 Words You Need to Know, a series of exercises to master key words andidioms, or Manhattan'sGRE flashcards if you're looking for a challenge. Conclusion: The Importance of Studying SAT Vocabulary Overall, vocabulary words don't play a huge part on the SAT. That said, you’ll definitely have some questions on both the Reading and Writing sections that test your knowledge of SAT words, so it’s important to study those most likely to appear on test day. The best way to study SAT vocabulary is to make flashcards and use the waterfall method. This ensures you know all the words in your deck and aren’t glossing over any difficult ones. If you don’t want to make flashcards or don’t have time to study the whole list, however, it’s a good idea to pick out the words you don’t know and study just those. With these, you can either make a smaller deck of paper flashcards or opt for digital flashcards. No matter how you choose to study SAT vocab words, be sure totest out what you’ve learned in the context of full-length practice tests. Nearly all the words in our list above come from official SAT practice tests, so you’re guaranteed to come across them in some form! What’s Next? Want more tips on how to study SAT vocabulary words? Check out our expert tips for memorizing SAT words fastand learn why the waterfall method works so well. Aiming for a high SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score? Take a peek at our in-depth guides to getting a perfect Reading score and learning how to read SAT passages. Taking the ACT instead? Then you'll need to know vocab for that test, too. Learn what words to expect on the ACT and how to study them. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Making the redesign work this time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Making the redesign work this time - Essay Example All of these are dependent to a number of participators, namely: change-recipient, -implementer, -planner, and -administrator. Aside from the organizational sector, other sectors are also at play in the midst of change. They may include the social, economical and the political sectors per levels of community, public or private entities, and the regional and national authorities. Reacting to change was largely partitioned into two: through resistance or allegiance. The health care facility chooses the latter but is not ignoring the existence of the former. Rather, the facility wants to take these two into consideration in redesigning the existing patient care delivery, and understand better and evaluate the feasibility of applying the administration’s recommendation of employing universal workers. After Merge The merge had left the facility with a redundancy of several staff positions; thus, the consequent reduction of workforce. Existing issues had to override with the concern on coping with the loss of compartmentalized service providers. The primary issue involve is the fragmentation of patient care delivery which resulted to poor coordination between service providers within the facility. In a fragmented delivery system, inefficiencies include failure to assist the patients and their families in navigating through the facility’s health care system, lack of service provider-to-patient accountability, absence of feedback collection systems and feedback-based improvement schemes, not systematized clinical records, and higher emphasis on â€Å"high-cost, intensive medical intervention† against the â€Å"higher-value primary care† (Shih et al., 2008). Furthermore, the patients are well aware of these inefficiencies, having â€Å"frequently reported† the several instances of coordination breakdowns (How, Shih, Lau, & Schoen, 2008). Evidently, a fragmented system of delivery is not enough to achieve higher efficiency in delivering health care services. The assessment of the facility’s current system of patient care delivery

Statement of purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Of purpose - Personal Statement Example This career path will allow me to combine my inclination towards the two subjects into a powerful personal and professional skill (Brown 24). The statistics program at Columbia is especially appealing to me because it is both challenging and inspiring. The learning environment is also perfect for me, particularly the diversity and academic achievements of the institution. Last year, I earned my undergraduate degree from the University of Miami. I majored in management but also undertook minors in finance, marketing, mathematics, accounting, and economics. However, being a very ambitious individual, I immediately set my minds on enhancing my academic and professional pedigree. As stated before, I am keen on working in the business statistics field, but it is so competitive that an undergraduate degree alone will not propel me to the greater heights I aspire to. The graduate program in statistics will provide me with the technical and soft skills I require to succeed in business statistics. I believe that the program will prepare me for the rigors of business statistics and give me the motivation to inspire, innovate, and impact. Over the years, my work experience has paved the way for me to complete my undergraduate degree and pushed me to hunger for further studies. I have worked as a sales assistant at Jiangsu GPRO Group Company in Nanjing, where I participated in the company’s sales and marketing activities. I have also worked as an intern at Bank of China, New York, which is one of the largest and busiest banks in the US. Most recently, I worked in the sales division of Runton International Corporation, where I performed duties related to sales, administration, support, and marketing. These experiences taught me the value of hard work, diligence, planning, and skill development. However, the biggest lesson I learned was the value of education in career growth (Brown 24). I realized that all the senior managers I interacted with had advanced

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Assignment Example One of the various changes experienced by the health care system is the change of continuum of care. Continuum of care refers to involvement of integration of various systems of care that assists patients from time to time through various means of services of health (Columbia University Medical Center, 2012). For example: in the past care was restricted to health care organizations and settings, but now health care providers are needed to provide services at different settings such as home and community centers. Now nurses are required to be culturally competent so they can deal with different patients coming from different cultural backgrounds and understand issues in the context of patient’s culture. The focus of health care systems used to be on helping patients get better, now the focus has shifted to disease prevention and individual well being. Accountability of the health care service providers have even changed. In the past, care providers were paid for their services on the basis of fee for each service. This promoted health care professionals to increase the number of services and they started focusing on quantity of service rather than quality of service. One method used to fix this issue is creation of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs); such organizations have been promoted and accepted by insurance companies who cover health care and by the government. ACOs are created in such a way that certain amount of service providers obtain responsibility of caring for a batch of patients and focus is on treating and providing health service to the entire batch (Dickerson, 2011). Compensation is paid to these service providers by Medicare and insurance companies in return for saving the expenditure and cutting down the cost of treatment while providing very high quality treatment to the patient. Another new system that is gaining popularity in health care system is patient centered medical homes, this system has not only changed the previous method s of providing care, and it has even increased the required amount of nurses and their competencies (Haney, 2012, p.5). Medical homes comprise of providing health care services in teams, the leader of this team is a physician and his task is to provide health care services to patients on an ongoing and continuous basis with the main aim of achieving higher quality health care for patients. This approach specializes in providing health care services to the youth, kids and adults. An important component of this system is care coordination and for the purpose of care ordination, highly trained staff is required who know how to use technological advancements and they should have the ability to work in teams. Surveys have shown that people have started giving importance to prevention of diseases and well being of individuals over healing diseases, this issue has even been addressed in legislative and funding for prevention has been increased by the government (HelathCare, 2012). The shif t from treatment to prevention and wellbeing of patients and individuals has been given great importance by Nurse Managed Health Care Centers. These facilities charge less than what physician led health care centers charge and there is an increase in demand for such centers because of the continuous increase in cost of health care services. The focus is on care systems that are community based has been increased and more people have been covered through health care insurance

Case Study Food Restaurant Management Marketing Essay

Case Study Food Restaurant Management Marketing Essay Jack Sprat is the owner of seafood restaurant in a coastal town. He is 63 year old and doctor has advised him to take rest so he had appointed a Manager to look after the business operations and he use to come to see the business once in a week. But once he handed over the business to the manager his business is not doing well and there is continuous decline in the business. So in order to find remedy owner has approached to the investigator to analyse the case and suggest as what should be done to bring back the business of the restaurant. The investigator has analyzed the business with the tools of business (case) analysis-SWOT and further financial data has also been taken into consideration to find out the declining trend and come to a conclusion as why business is going down. In order to evaluate the business operation and put the findings in the report the investigator has done extensive research-secondary research and analysed the case with his valuable suggestions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The investigator would like to convey his gratitude to those entire people who helped him to enhance his understanding of the case and analyzed the situation so that a valid conclusion of the case can be drawn. The investigator has completed this case successfully and has presented his findings with suggestion in this report. So author would like to thank the Module tutor for kind support and guidance. INTRODUCTION Jack Sprat is 63 year old owner of 60 seat licensed seafood restaurant that is situated in a coastal town. Before starting this business Jack was simply a Manager at a local Bluebeckers Restaurant. But an inheritance left this restaurant to him. Since the opening of this restaurant business it has given very good return. The belief of Jack towards success of this business is the Maintenance of high standards in food production and presentation. Other fact is Menu and beverage list has been fairly constant since beginning of this restaurant. Jack did not change menu and beverage list because business was giving modest return since beginning. But jack is not regular to the restaurant so he has appointed a Manager to manage the business operation and he used to come to the restaurant to see the business operation once in a week. This is because at this age (63) he has been suffering from health problem and his doctor has advised him to take rest. But business of this restaurant has gone down as soon as it was handed over to the manager. Absenteeism of the staff has increased. Keeping in mind the remedy of the situation author has established aim and objectives of this report, here are the aim and objectives written in detail: Aim of this report is to find remedy of the existing problem or discrepancies of the restaurant and give valuable suggestions to overcome from these problems so that business can be put on its old pattern-profitable. Objectives are: Finding most important problems Identification of further information that would be helpful in making realistic plans for the future of the business To list the priorities Drawing an action Plan The structure of this report is as follows: First of all main body has been presented wherein SWOT other detailed analysis has been done. Then conclusion has been drawn and bibliography (list of references) has been given followed by appendix section where additional information has been provided. MAIN SECTION Before providing solution of anything one has to find the problems first. So to find problems related to Jack Spart business the investigator has conducted SWOT analysis and financial analysis. Before going for the SWOT analysis of the business concerned it is important to understand SWOT first. SWOT ANALYSIS is the detailed search and listing of factors from situational analysis that might or will impact the businesss strategy. Strategic marketing is based on the SWOT analysis. The process by which SWOT factors are derived is to carefully review the internal analysis for strengths and weaknesses, and the environmental analysis for opportunities and threats, and to then record. (Reich, Z.A, 1997) According to Morrison, J (2002) The SWOT analysis is a commonly used planning tool, which assesses the firms strategic profile in terms of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Focusing on both internal and external environments, it serves to highlight a firms distinctive competences, which will enable it to gain competitive advantage. Based on the above information from the scholars it is true that business environment can be divided into two part-internal and external environments. Internal environment consists of all factors that are internal part of the business. These internal factors are within the control of the business. Strength and Weaknesses of the business can be found in the internal environment of the business. External factors are those factors which are not within the control of the business and to be into existence business houses have to change in internal policy and adjust itself to cope with the external environment factors. Opportunities and Threats are the factors that are part of external environment of a business. For SWOT analysis please refer to appendix1..SWOT ANALYSIS.docx FINANCIAL ANALYSIS REVENUE (SALES) POINT OF VIEW: Food sales has increased in 2007-8 by 4.3% compared to 2006-7, and it has gone down in the financial year 2008-9 by 3.95% compared to 2007-8 sales of food. Liquor Sales has increased in 2007-8 by 5.97% compared to 2006-7 and further it increase by 15.59% in the year 2008-9 compared to 2007-8. Overall Total Sales has been increasing in the financial year by 4.67% in the financial year 2007-8 compared to 2006-7, and further increased by 6.57% in the financial year 2008-9 compared to 2007-8. DIRECT COST POINT OF VIEW: In the financial year 2006-7 food cost was 42.05% of its sales and in 2007-8 it became little favorable by going down to 41.16% of its sales figure and in the year 2008-9 in again gone up to 43.63% Direct cost of Liquor is 59.72% of its sales in the financial year 2006-7, and 57.70% in 2007-8 and further 57.91% in 2008-9. So its favorable as it is in declining trend. Total direct cost is 54.01%, 55.11% and 52.88% in the financial year 2006-7, 7-8, and 2008-9 respectively which also seems favorable because in 2007-8 it gone little up but again it gone down by good margin-around 2 to 3% GROSS PROFIT POINT OF VIEW: Gross profit of food is 57.95%, 58.84% and 56.37% in the financial year 2006-7, 7-8, 8-9. This shows increase in 2007-8 and further decline in 2008-9. Gross profit of Liquor is 40.28%, 42.30% and 42.09% in the financial year 2006-7, 2007-8, and 2008-9 respectively. Overall it is in favorable trend. Gross profit in the financial year 2006-7 is 54.01%, 55.11% in 2007-8 and 52.88% in 2008-9 which seems declining trend. In the year 2007-8 it gone up but in 208-9 it came down. This is because there was declining of sales of food in the financial year 2008-9 by 3.95%, otherwise sale of liquor in this financial year was good and direct costs were also behaving favorably. INDIRECT EXPENSES POINT OF VIEW: There are three component of indirect expenses-labour, overheads and operating expenses and maintenance expenses. Amount spent in labour is in increasing order i.e., 29.76%, 31.51% and 33.21% in the year 6-7, 7-8, and 2008-9 respectively. This shows restaurant is spending more % every year in its staffing. Overheads and operating expenses seems within control as its 8.78%, 7.21% and 8.36% in the year 2006-7, 2007-8, and 2008-9 respectively. Maintenance expenses is 1.61% of sales in the financial year 2006-7, 1.40% in the financial year 2007-8 and 0.91% of sales of financial year 2008-9. This shows that organization is spending very less on maintenance expenses. Overall total indirect expenses is 40.15% of its sales in the financial year 2006-7, 40.12% in 2007-08 and gone up in the financial year 2008-9 to 42.48% NET PROFIT POINT OF VIEW: Net profit is 13.86%, 14.99% and 10.40% in the financial years 2006-7, 7-8, and 8-9 respectively. This shows that Net profit has going down, and in the financial year it has gone down with huge gap compared to previous years percentage. Overall its a matter of discussion and management should pay attention to the indirect costs as percentage of indirect cost is very high. As gross profit is in 50% so almost 40% of sales are being spent for indirect expenses. Although management is not spending much in maintenance component of indirect expenses but other components i.e., overhead and operating expense, and payroll expenses are very high that is the reason Net profit of the restaurant is not attractive. For further information please refer to financial ratios table in appendix2..FINANCIAL ANALYSIS.docx Aim and objective No.1: Finding important problems: Operational System A sales forecast is a prediction based on past sales performance and an analysis of expected market conditions. The true value in making a forecast is that it forces us to look at the future objectively. The hotel can takes note of the past and stay aware of the present and precisely analyzes that information to see into the future. It will also help the hotel to establish policies so that one can easily monitor prices and operating costs to guarantee profits, and make one aware of minor problems before they become major problems. Employee Morale Employee morale describes the overall outlook, attitude, satisfaction, and confidence that employees feel at work. When employees are positive about their work environment and believe that they can meet their most important needs at work, employee morale is positive or high which can lead to better service and customer retention. Since there is an increase in absenteeism in restaurant employee morale can be increased by treating employees with respect, recognition and empowering them. Menu choice is stale and boring Redesign menu to increase the average spend of the hotel customers, correctly categorize the items on the menu, improve the food presentation, increase food and beverage cost and thereby increase sales at the same time. Maintenance and Hygiene problem The organization is spending very less on maintenance expenses. In any food establishments, food handlers are either the first line of defense or the cause for the need for defense. This is because most types of foods can be contaminated and it is the responsibility of the food handler to ensure the safety of the consumers by eliminating or minimizing the contamination to safer levels for consumption.   The restaurant needs to have rules and procedures in place to ensure that Personal Hygiene is effectively managed. Aim and objective No.2: Identification of further information that would be helpful in making realistic plans for the future of the business: Information needed towards market segmentation-target market: Information to the case is very important to analyze any businesss health or problem. It is equally important like medical tests are important for human body for remedy of any kind of complain of a patient. There are other tests or scanning is needed for business analysis. Market segmentation is one of them. Market segmentation: market consists of buyers who differ in one or more ways. They may differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices. Because buyers have unique needs and wants, each buyer is potentially a separate market. Ideally, then a seller might design a separate marketing program for each buyer. For example a caterer can customize the menu, entertainment, and the setting to meet the needs of specific clients. However, most companies are unable to offer complete segmentation. The cost of complete segmentation is high and most customers cannot afford completely customized products. Companies therefore, look for broad class of buyers who differ in their product needs or buying responses. The restaurant industry offers many examples of segmentation by a variety of variables. (kotler,p 2004) The reason why knowledge of market segmentation is needed because until unless it is not known that which segment is being targeted by the organization concerned (in this case Restaurant of Jack Sprat), it would be very difficult to compare the strength of that segment for the business. In this case it is not given in the case so its important to analyse this business from its segment point of view. Information Needed for competitors analysis: To get success of the business its needed to deal with customers, suppliers, employees, and others. In almost all cases there will also be other organizations offering similar products to similar customers. These other organizations are competitors. Objective of the other organizations is the same as yours to grow, make money and succeed. Effectively, the businesses are at war fighting to gain the same resource and territory; the customer. And like in war, it is necessary to understand the enemy: How he thinks; What his strengths are; What his weaknesses are; Where he can be attacked; Where the risk of attack is too greatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. And so on. And like in war, the competitor will have secrets that can be the difference between profit and loss, expansion or bankruptcy for the business. Identifying these secrets is thus crucial for business survival. (http://dspace.dial.pipex.com) accessed on 2/01/2011 Other information needed is about its competitors. Information of competitors is very important to know the business of competitors and further business concerned can be compared with the competitors. So competitor analysis is very important. Aim and objective No.3: To list the priorities: First of all instant action should be taken to solve Hygiene problem. Proper forecasting of guests so that underproduction and overproduction both can be kept under control Extra manpower has to be reduced so that there will be less burden on payroll cost Choice of menu has to be increased Manager should be empowered or can be changed (as information is not given properly and in detail so it is impossible to say to change) Somehow owner has to be in touch even over the phone to monitor the business operation and if possible frequency to visit may be increased. Local bank should be approached for short term loan for the refurbishment activities. Aim and objective No.4: Drawing an Action Plan: Action plan is a process that includes assessments of own strengths, available resources and market opportunities. There must be idea about marketing objective of the organization concerned then a plan can be prepared and further implemented to achieve the determined objective. In other words these informations are basic and needed at very first step towards making action plan: Market and trading environment of the business concerned Decision about market business is targeting to Knowledge about differentiation or advantage of uniqueness of own product and services Deciding marketing mix Estimation of Fund etc. ACTION PLAN: PRODUCT: Option in Menu list will be given PRICING : May charge little higher than what has been charging PROMOTION: There is need to promote the product and create awareness to remove the negative image of the organization. So it can be done through normal aids of advertisement-Newspapers or T.V Channels. Through T.V Channels it may be a little costly affair in that point of view daily is better. Other Actions to be taken: It could have opened even on Sunday to attract customers who want to utilize their holidays. So it will be open all 7 days. Funds should be managed instantly- It can be done by approaching Commercial Banks for short term loans. Refurbishment will have to be done as soon as loan is approved. Employees have to be re-motivated so that absenteeism of staff can be kept under control. CONCLUSION The investigator has analysed the case of Jack Sprats restaurant and found that major problem is its hygiene and maintenance and indirect expenses. These two factors have to be kept under control and converted into favorable mode only then this organization can earn profit like previous time. There are other areas also that needs attention i.e., arrangement of fund, manpower management, empowering manager etc. BIBLIOGRAPHY Britton, C and Worthington. I (2003) The Business Environment, 4th Edition, UK:Prentice hall. Hooley.G(2004) Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning, 3rd Edition: UK: Prentice Hall Kotler, P. (2004) Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 3rd Edition, Delhi:Person Luck.D and Rubin, S.R (1996) Marketing Research,7th Edition, USA:Prentice hall Morrison, J (2002) The International Business Environment, 1st Edition, New York; Pal Grave. Reich, Z.A (1997) Marketing Management for the Hospitality Industry,1st Edition,: Wiley and Sons Canada. Wearne.N (2001) Hospitality Management, 1st Edition, New Delhi: Global www.netmba.com/strategy/pest/ Accessed on 2/01/2011 http://dspace.dial.pipex.com) Accessed on 2/01/2011 APPENDIX 1 SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat Analysis of Seafood Restaurant Business of Jack Sprat STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES It is an established organization Maintaining high standard in food and presentation Customers feel that restaurant is conveniently placed and charges reasonable price Owner is not able to give full time attention to the business Maintenance and Hygiene problem Menu choice is stale and boring OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Restaurant is old so having established market Market Image is good- reasonable price and consistent standard Dilution of market share due to inability to refurbish Environment Health officer may not be informal in future and there will be time when formal notice will be issued.

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Essay -- students, academic progre

On January 8, 2002, President George Bush signed into law The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which was a reauthorization of Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which was designed to help disadvantaged students achieve success in school (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011) The components of The No Child Left Behind included annual testing, academic progress, report cards, teacher qualifications, and funding changes. These measures were â€Å"designed to drive broad gains in student achievement and to hold states and schools more accountable for student progress† (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011, para. 3). NCLB also promised to close the achievement gap and increase student learning (Hursh 2007). By the year 2005-2006, the states were required to assess all students annually in grades 3-8, and these tests had to be aligned with the state standards (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011). In addition, a representative sample of 4th graders and 8th graders had to participate in National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) testing program in order to be compared to other students nationally (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011). For a school to meet academic progress, certain subgroups and the school has a whole had to make adequate yearly progress. If the school failed to make AYP, then the school could receive supplemental services and parents could send their children to another school. If the school continued to not make AYP, then the school could receive punitive government sanctions. Teachers had to be deemed highly qualified in their subject matter, and school report cards had to be released each year to illustrate student achievement data and scho... ...lenge them as well as help them to learn, the students are able to achieve academic progress. References Dee, B. and Jacob, T.S. (2011). The impact of no child left behind on student achievement. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 30 (3), 418–446. Retrieved from http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/86808/20586_ftp.pdf?sequence= Editorial Projects in Education Research Center. (2011, September 19). Issues A-Z: No Child Left Behind. Education Week. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/no-child-left-behind/ Hursh, D. (2007 September). Exacerbating inequality: The failed promise of the no child left behind act. Race, Ethnicity, and Education.10 (3), 295-308. Retrieved from http://www.wou.edu/~girodm/foundations/Hursh.pdf Tatum, A. (2006) Engaging African-american males in reading. Educational Leadership, 63(5), 44-49.

Describe how the British government used propaganda to in fluency the British people in the First World War

Propaganda is information designed to get people to believe a certain point of view. It does not have to be lies. It can be the truth, though it is only one part of the truth. The British government started to use propaganda at the before the world war one. They used it to make the British people dislike the Germans and support the war. Propaganda was used in world war one to promote the war effort. The government used propaganda for many deferent reasons. The government used propaganda at many different times in the war for many different reasons and some of the propaganda was not needed by the end of the war like recruitment poster. Recruitment propaganda was used from the start of the war until conscription was introduced in 1916 .The British government made many recruitment posters to get people interested in signing up to fight in the war. The government used many different and my favourite one is a man sitting in an arm chair and has his daughter asking him â€Å"daddy what did you do in the Great War?† this was made to get a normal family to sing up for the war it had a very big impact on many family men it would make them feel a bit guilty to his family that he did not help to protect the country. The government made theses posters to get people to sigh up for the war because the British army was very small about 250,000 men compared to the French and German army what where conscription army's. We need help to beat the evil Germans so we put up posters asking people to join the army. Women were also the target from propaganda either. Propaganda was targeted at them to try and get them to take up work in the places left by the vast number of men what went to fight in the war. Or to try and make their husband, fight in the war. The news papers published Atrocity stories about atrocity stories what happened in Belgium. This stories where to tell to build up hate toward the Germans. It was based on true fact and most of it was real but got mixed on the way to your ears. But other stories are just made up. They were successful because people wanted some thing to hate the Germans for and this was a good thing for the British government. A British spy was killed by the Germans what was a very good piece of propaganda .But the newspaper told us that she was a middle aged nurse working at the western frontline serving our troop in the war in the Germans lines. It was in all of Germany power to kill her because she was spying and helping British solider in prisoner of war camps escape to the frontline .It was a great pieces of propaganda for the first world war . But after the war the Germans did emit that it was a very big mistake to kill her but she could have been put in a prison. Raising money for the war became increasingly difficult throughout the war. The government tried many different ways of raising money. At first they simply spent less money elsewhere in the county or raised taxes a bit. However as the war kept on growing they didn't have enough money to fund the war. The government found its self, borrowing money from other countries to fuel the war. They decided to issue an appeal for money in the way of propaganda to get the wealthier families and households to donate money to them. They asked people to take out war bonds that could be paid back at the end of the war. This was also coped by the US in WW2. The British army did have a secret weapon of the First World War it was the tank. The Tank was a propaganda persons dream their was many new stories about it in the paper and many different pictures of it in the paper at first it was not that impressive in the war. But after time the army used them goodly and did much damage with them but. The tank did build up much national pride and gave British people hope that we where going to win the war. The government did not only want to influence the views of Britain, but also those of friends and enemies abroad. America would be a great help if they would join the war for the allies. To help mobilise America for war the Foreign Office, who were in charge of propaganda to neutral audiences, printed hundreds o books and leaflets to send to American newspaper editors. When the Luistania was sunk by a German U-boat's torpedo in 1915, British propaganda made sure it was told about a lot. Without the propaganda the country would might not have won the war. It helped us many way . It was one of the crucial factors of us winning the war although be may of gave up on the war but the government used their ever growing wisdom in know what we want to see and hear about the war (was better wisdom in them days).

Case Nestle

NESTLE CASE STUDY Nestle is one of the oldest of all multinational businesses. The company was founded in Switzerland in 1866 by Heinrich Nestle, who established Nestle to distribute â€Å"milk food,† a type of infant food he had invented that was made from powdered milk, baked food, and sugar. From its very early days, the company looked to other countries for growth opportunities, establishing its first foreign offices in London in 1868. In 1905, the company merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk, thereby broadening the company’s product line to include both condensed milk and infant formulas.Forced by Switzerland’s small size to look outside’ its borders for growth opportunities, Nestle established condensed milk and infant food processing plants in the United States and Britain in the late 19th century and in Australia, South America, Africa, and Asia in the first three decades of the 20th century. In 1929, Nestle moved into the chocolate business when it acquired a Swiss chocolate maker. This was followed in 1938 by the development of Nestle’s most revolutionary product, Nescafe, the world’s first soluble coffee drink.After World War 11, Nestle continued to expand into other areas of the food business, primarily through a series of acquisitions that included Maggi (1947), Cross & Blackwell (1960), Findus (1962), Libby’s (1970), Stouffer’s (1973), Carnation (1985), Rowntree (1988), and Perrier (1992). By the late 1990s, Nestle had 500 factories in 76 countries and sold its products in a staggering 193 nations-almost every country in the world. In 1998, the company generated sales of close to SWF 72 billion ($51 billion), only 1 percent of which occurred in its home country.Similarly, only 3 percent of its- 210,000 employees were located in Switzerland. Nestle was the world’s biggest maker of infant formula, powdered milk, chocolates, instant coffee, soups, and mineral waters. It was number t wo in ice cream, breakfast cereals, and pet food. Roughly 38 percent of its food sales were made in Europe, 32 percent in the Americas, and 20 percent in Africa and Asia. Management Structure Nestle is a decentralized organization. Responsibility for operating decisions is pushed down to local units, which typically enjoy a high degree f autonomy with regard to decisions involving pricing, distribution, marketing, human resources, and so on. At the same time, the company is organized into seven worldwide strategic business units (SBUs) that have responsibility for high-level strategic decisions and business development. For example, a strategic business unit focuses on coffee and beverages. Another one focuses on confectionery and ice cream. These SBUs engage in overall strategy development, including acquisitions and market entry strategy. In recent years, two-thirds of Nestle’s growth has come from acquisitions, so this is a critical function.Running in parallel to this str ucture is a regional organization that divides the world into five major geographical zones, such as Europe, North America and Asia. The regional organizations assist in the overall strategy development process and are responsible for developing regional strategies (an example would be Nestle’s strategy in the Middle East, which was discussed earlier). Neither the SBU nor regional managers, however, get involved in local operating or strategic decisions on anything other than an exceptional basis.Although Nestle makes intensive use of local managers to knit its diverse worldwide operations together, the company relies on its â€Å"expatriate army. †Ã‚   This consists of about 700 managers who spend the bulk of their careers on foreign assignments, moving from one country to the next. Selected primarily on the basis of their ability, drive and willingness to live a quasi-nomadic lifestyle, these individuals often work in half-a-dozen natiosn during their careers. Nestle also uses management development programs as a strategic tool for creating an  esprit de corps  among managers.At Rive-Reine, the company’s international training center in Switzerland, the company brings together, managers from around the world, at different stages in their careers, for specially targetted development programs of two to three weeks’ duration. The objective of these programs is to give the managers a better understanding of Nestle’s culture and strategy, and to give them access to the company’s top management. The research and development operation has a special place within Nestle, which is not surprising for a company that was established to commercialize innovative foodstuffs.The R&D function comprises 18 different groups that operate in 11 countries throughout the world. Nestle spends approximately 1 percent of its annual sales revenue on R&D and has 3,100 employees dedicated to the function. Around 70 percent of the R&D budget i s spent on development initiatives. These initiatives focus on developing products and processes that fulfill market needs, as identified by the SBUs, in concert with regional and local managers. For example, Nestle instant noodle products were originally developed by the R&D group in response to the perceived needs of local operating companies through the Asian region.The company also has longer-term development projects that focus on developing new technological platforms, such as non-animal protein sources or agricultural biotechnology products. A Growth Strategy for the 21st  Century Despite its undisputed success, Nestle realized by the early 1990s, that it faced significant challenges in maintaining its growth rate. The large Western European and North American markets were mature. In several countries, population growth had stagnated and in some, there had been a small decline in food consumption.The retail environment in many Western nations had become increasingly challen ging and the balance of power was shifting away from the large-scale manufacturers of branded foods and beverages, and toward nationwide supermarket and discount chains. Increasingly, retailers found themselves in the unfamiliar position of playing off against each other – manufacturers of branded foods, thus bargaining down prices. Particularly in Europe, this trend was enhanced by the successful introduction of private-label brands by several of Europe’s leading supermarket chains.The results included increased price competition in several key segments of the food and beverage market, such as cereals, coffee and soft drinks. At Nestle, one response has been to look toward emerging markets in Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America for growth possibilities. The logic is simple and obvious – a combination of economic and population growth, when coupled with the widespread adoption of market-oriented economic policies by the governments of many developing nations, makes for attractive business opportunities.Many of these countries are still relatively poor, but their economies are growing rapidly. For example, if current economic growth forecasts occur, by 2010, there will be 700 million people in China and India that have income levels approaching those of Spain in the mid-1990s. As income levels rise, it is increasingly likely that consumers in these nations will start to substitute branded food products for basic foodstuffs, creating a large market opportunity for companies such as Nestle.In general, the company’s strategy had been to enter emerging markets early – before competitors – and build a substantial position by selling basic food items that appeal to the local population base, such as infant formula, condensed milk, noodles and tofu. By narrowing its initial market focus to just a handful of strategic brands, Nestle claims it can simplify life, reduce risk, and concentrate its marketing resources and manager ial effort on a limited number of key niches. The goal is to build a commanding market position in each of these niches.By pursuing such a strategy, Nestle has taken as much as 85 percent of the market for instant coffee in Mexico, 66 percent of the market for powdered milk in the Philippines, and 70 percent of the markets for soups in Chile. As income levels rise, the company progressively moves out from these niches, introducing more upscale items, such as mineral water, chocolate, cookies, and prepared foodstuffs. Although the company is known worldwide for several key brands, such as Nescafe, it uses local brands in many markets.The company owns 8,500 brands, but only 750 of them are registered in more than one country, and only 80 are registered in more than 10 countries. While the company will use the same â€Å"global brands† in multiple developed markets, in the developing world it focuses on trying to optimize ingredients and processing technology to local conditions and then using a brand name that resonates locally. Customization rather than globalization is the key to the company’s strategy in emerging markets. Executing the StrategySuccessful execution of the strategy for developing markets requires a degree of flexibility, an ability to adapt in often unforeseen ways to local conditions, and a long-term perspective that puts building a sustainable business before short-term profitability. In Nigeria, for example, a crumbling road system, aging trucks, and the danger of violence forced the company to re-think its traditional distribution methods. Instead of operating a central warehouse, as is its preference in most nations, the country.For safety reasons, trucks carrying Nestle goods are allowed to travel only during the day and frequently under-armed guard. Marketing also poses challenges in Nigeria. With little opportunity for typical Western-style advertising on television of billboards, the company hired local singers to go to t owns and villages offering a mix of entertainment and product demonstrations. China provides another interesting example of local adaptation and long-term focus. After 13 years of talks, Nestle was formally invited into China in 1987, by the Government of Heilongjiang province.Nestle opened a plant to produce powdered milk and infant formula there in 1990, but quickly realized that the local rail and road infrastructure was inadequate and inhibited the collection of milk and delivery of finished products. Rather than make do with the local infrastructure, Nestle embarked on an ambitious plan to establish its own distribution network, known as milk roads, between 27 villages in the region and factory collection points, called chilling centres.Farmers brought their milk – often on bicycles or carts – to the centres where it was weighed and analysed. Unlike the government, Nestle paid the farmers promptly. Suddenly the farmers had an incentive to produce milk and many bou ght a second cow, increasing the cow population in the district by 3,000 to 9,000 in 18 months. Area managers then organized a delivery system that used dedicated vans to deliver the milk to Nestle’s factory. Although at first glance this might seem to be a very costly solution, Nestle calculated that the long-term benefits would be substantial.Nestle’s strategy is similar to that undertaken by many European and American companies during the first waves of industrialization in those countries. Companies often had to invest in infrastructure that we now take for granted to get production off the ground. Once the infrastructure was in place, in China, Nestle’s production took off. In 1990, 316 tons of powdered milk and infant formula were produced. By 1994, output exceeded 10,000 tons and the company decided to triple capacity.Based on this experience, Nestle decided to build another two powdered milk factories in China and was aiming to generate sales of $700 mil lion by 2000. Nestle is pursuing a similar long-term bet in the Middle East, an area in which most multinational food companies have little presence. Collectively, the Middle East accounts for only about 2 percent of Nestle’s worldwide sales and the individual markets are very small. However, Nestle’s long-term strategy is based on the assumption that regional conflicts will subside and intra-regional trade ill expand as trade barriers between countries in the region come down. Once that happens, Nestle’s factories in the Middle East should be able to sell throughout the region, thereby realizing scale economies. In anticipation of this development, Nestle has established a network of factories in five countries, in the hope that each will, someday, supply the entire region with different products. The company, currently makes ice-cream in Dubai, soups and cereals in Saudi Arabia, yogurt and bouillon in Egypt, chocolate in Turkey, and ketchup and instant noodles in Syria.For the present, Nestle can survive in these markets by using local materials and focusing on local demand. The Syrian factory, for example, relies on products that use tomatoes, a major local agricultural product. Syria also produces wheat, which is the main ingredient in instant noodles. Even if trade barriers don’t come down soon, Nestle has indicated it will remain committed to the region. By using local inputs and focussing on local consumer needs, it has earned a good rate of return in the region, even though the individual markets are small.Despite its successes in places such as China and parts of the Middle East, not all of Nestle’s moves have worked out so well. Like several other Western companies, Nestle has had its problems in Japan, where a failure to adapt its coffee brand to local conditions meant the loss of a significant market opportunity to another Western company, Coca Cola. For years, Nestle’s instant coffee brand was the dominant coffee product in Japan. In the 1960s, cold canned coffee (which can be purchased from soda vending machines) started to gain a following in Japan.Nestle dismissed the product as just a coffee-flavoured drink rather than the real thing and declined to enter the market. Nestle’s local partner at the time, Kirin Beer, was so incensed at Nestle’s refusal to enter the canned coffee market that it broke off its relationship with the company. In contrast, Coca Cola entered the market with Georgia, a product developed specifically for this segment of the Japanese market. By leveraging its existing distribution channel, Coca Cola captured a 40 percent share of the $4 billion a year, market for canned coffee in Japan.Nestle, which failed to enter the market until the 1980s, has only a 4 percent share. While Nestle has built businesses from the ground up, in many emerging markets, such as Nigeria and China, in others it will purchase local companies if suitable candidates can b e found. The company pursued such a strategy in Poland, which it entered in 1994, by purchasing Goplana, the country’s second largest chocolate manufacturer. With the collapse of communism and the opening of the Polish market, income levels in Poland have started to rise and so has chocolate consumption.Once a scarce item, the market grew by 8 percent a year, throughout the 1990s. To take advantage of this opportunity, Nestle has pursued a strategy of evolution, rather than revolution. It has kept the top management of the company staffed with locals – as it does in most of its operations around the world – and carefully adjusted Goplana’s product line to better match local opportunities. At the same time, it has pumped money into Goplana’s marketing, which has enabled the unit to gain share from several other chocolate makers in the country. Still, competition in the market is intense.Eight companies, including several foreign-owned enterprises, s uch as the market leader, Wedel, which is owned by PepsiCo, are vying for market share, and this has depressed prices and profit margins, despite the healthy volume growth. Discussions: 1. Does it make sense for Nestle to focus its growth efforts on emerging markets? Why? 2. What is the company’s strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets? Does this strategy make sense? From an organizational perspective, what is required for this strategy to work effectively? 3. Through your own research on NESTLE, identify appropriate performance indicators.Once you have gathered relevant data on these, undertake a performance analysis of the company over the last five years. What does the analysis tell you about the success or otherwise of the strategy adopted by the company? 4. How would you describe Nestle’s strategic posture at the corporate level; is it pursuing a global strategy, a multidomestic strategy an international strategy or a transnational strateg y? 5. Does this overall strategic posture make sense given the markets and countries that Nestle participates in? Why? 6. Is Nestle’s management structure and philosophy aligned with its overall strategic posture?