Develop the film Hot Fuzz (Edgar Wright, 2007) Essay - 1

Build up the film Hot Fuzz (Edgar Wright, 2007) - Essay Example While it contains vague comedic points, specific style and clever brutality to its harbinger, Hot Fuzz transforms into an increasingly authentic, interesting postliminary. In this way, it is a substantially more grounded divide that has now transform into a present benchmark in British comic dramatization. Coordinated by Edgar Wright, the movie communicated the director’s love for the class of spine chiller, lamenting that in Britain in the course of the most recent 30 years, they were not there by any stretch of the imagination. While ridiculing various movies embeddings inferences to in excess of fifty film tapes, makers dexterously mixed an assortment of classes - police spine chiller, criminologist, sentiment, activity and satire. The film is packed with ridicule of different clichã ©s. This is likely its most significant bit of leeway that surely doesn't imply that it is the one and only one, yet that is the thing that keeps on all the activity and all the exchange, notwithstanding the chic of acting regardless. The fundamental characters of Pegg and Frost, the principle reprobate, Timothy Dalton, terrible and unexpected rustic police, the sheriff, the dad of the legend Frost, and even the sales rep hues - all played precisely what was expected of them the silliness of the film. Hot Fuzz rejoined Simon Pegg and the chief Edgar Wright in a parody film. Pegg plays straight-bound cop Nicholas Angel, who is raised to sergeant and sent from London to the lazy Gloucestershire town of Sandford considering the way that his persevering mentality was appearing whatever is left of the police. The plot isn't proposed to be look good. A spate of loathsome killings in Sandford is ignored with the discernment that some way or another mishaps occur. Pegg stars as the hero, Nicholas Angel, a London cop who lives for his work. He is an exhaustive and brief cop, who is extraordinary at carrying out his responsibility - so incredible in reality that he is making whatever is left of his partners look rough. His managers who are played by

John Calvin

Early reformers harped on adjusting botches in the Roman Catholic Church’s precepts. This was a risky endeavor since it prompted mistreatments at times. The Roman Catholic Church had just part before John Calvin absconded from it. He was, accordingly, a second era reformer. There is a debate encompassing John Calvin’s birth.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on John Calvin explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Skoczylas (2001), Calvin was conceived in 1506. Anyway different sources, for example, the Christian Classic Ethereal Library (CCEL) (n.d.) guarantee that he was conceived on tenth July 1509 in Noyon, France. In his initial years, Calvin was instructed by the Roman Catholic Church (CCEL, n.d.). Be that as it may, in 1533, Calvin withdrew from the Roman Catholic Church in the wake of building up contacts with individuals contradicted to its instructing (Roxborogh, 2001). Reformers before him gave little idea to gettin g the message out of God past the Christians fortifications. Calvin’s calling, in this way, set out on amending this mix-up. His preparation on legitimate issues and his association aptitudes empowered him order a huge and steadfast after (Skoczylas, 2001). Consequently, Calvin’s lessons and works structure the establishment of numerous religious investigations. This exposition is, henceforth, an outline of the life of John Calvin and his effect on Christianity. Calvin went through his initial time on earth in a group of firm Catholics. His dad, really, needed him to join ministry (CCEL, n.d.). CCEL (n.d.) includes that, as a multi year old, Calvin went to class at the school de Marche in Paris. This school was intended to set him up for college contemplates. Prior as far as possible of 1523, he had to move his examinations to College Montaigu (CCEL, n.d.). During his stay here, Calving began utilizing the name Ioannis Calvinus. Ioannis Calvinus was the Latin type of t he name John Calvin (CCEL, n.d.). As an understudy, the majority of his belongings were paid for by the Roman Catholic Church. For example, his training was cooked for to a limited extent by a couple of little areas (CCEL, n.d.). He later migrated to Orleans to join a graduate school. Calvin finished his investigations on metro law in 1532(CCEL, n.d.). In 1553, he withdrew from the Roman Catholic Church and started concentrating all alone before setting out on various Christian compositions (Roxborogh, 2001). At long last, Calvin proceeded with his composition, lecturing and addressing until he met his demise on 27th May 1564 (CCEL, n.d.). Haykin (2001) states that prior reformers gave little idea to missions. Clearly they had no worry for supervises missions. These reformers were, accordingly, not excited about catching the psyches of non-Christians. John Calvin surrendered from the Roman Catholic Church and began doing what the greater part of the previous reformers had not done. Through his works, he supported on progressing Christ’s realm to non-Christians (Haykin, 2001).Advertising Looking for exposition on religion religious philosophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although he visited different towns to spread the gospel, Calvin went through the greater part of his time on earth in Geneva (CCEL, n.d.).The book of scriptures says that the expression of God ought to be lectured in all towns, beginning from Jerusalem. Calvin, maybe, imagined that Jerusalem had encountered enough and it was presently time to build up missions somewhere else. As indicated by Calvin, the headway of the congregation relied upon God’s benevolence (Haykin, 2001). It is from this leniency that God made man as the noblest animal on earth. In this way, man is enriched with knowledge and through and through freedom (Skoczylas, 2001). These sorts of lessons by Calving were intended to change the Roman Catholics and free the psyches of Protestants. Thus, Calving was additionally credited with the foundation of a progressively law based world. Close by Lutherans and Anglicans lessons, Calvin’s thoughts and models were respected exceptionally by the Protestants (Roxborogh, 2001). It is, in this manner, hard for a protestant church to comprehend itself without reference to Calvin’s work. Be that as it may, not all individuals invited his lessons. As per Wellman (n.d), Calvin is the most detested scholar of the most recent 2000 years. His haters remember numerous for the congregation and common circles. Calvin’s transformation from Roman Catholicism was unexpected. In 1533, he created fellowship with Pierre Robert and Melchior Wolmar who were Protestant Reformers (Wellman, n.d). His new companions utilized talks and works to scrutinize the Roman Catholic Church. These lessons radicalized Calvin from a steadfast Catholic to a vocal Protestant. Calvin was later blamed for str ange conduct subsequent to aiding Wolmar draft a discourse that cutting-edge protestant perspectives. This drove him away from Paris in 1533 to maintain a strategic distance from oppression (Roxborogh, 2001). It tends to be presumed that early reformers gave little idea to missions past Christian fortresses. Calvin’s most noteworthy effect on Christianity was, along these lines, the foundations of missions in regions involved by non-Christians. Calving tried to get the message out of God to the last piece of the world. Furthermore, he can likewise be credited with changing the Christian brain. Until this point, Calvin’s lessons go about as the base for the improved and Presbyterian philosophical practices (Roxborogh, 2001). Many accept that Calvin showed the greater part of the huge things God (Roxborogh, 2001). At long last, it is for all intents and purposes incomprehensible for a Protestant church to comprehend itself without reference to John Calvin’s work. References Christian Classic Ethereal Library. Life story of John Calvin: John Calvin-French reformer and theologian. Web.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on John Calvin explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Haykin, M. A. G. (2001). Renewal and restoration: John calving evangelist impact in France. A Quarterly Journal for Church Leadership10 (4), 1-7. Web. Roxborogh, J. (2001). John Calvin (1509-1564). Web. Skoczylas, A. (2001). Mr. Simson’s knotty case: heavenly nature, governmental issues, and fair treatment in mid eighteenth-century Scotland. McGill-Queen’s Press. Web. Wellman, S. Fundamental realities about John Calvin, just as an exceptionally broad perusing list! Web. This exposition on John Calvin was composed and presented by client Violet D. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

How to Improve Your Self-Control

How to Improve Your Self-Control Happiness Print How to Improve Your Self-Control Why self-control is important for well-being By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 13, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on March 11, 2019 More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Importance Delaying Gratification Ego Depletion Link to Health Motivation and Monitoring Improving Self-Control View All Back To Top Self-control is the ability to regulate and alter responses in order to avoid undesirable behaviors, increase desirable ones, and achieve long-term goals. Research has shown that possessing self-control can be important for health and well-being.?? Common goals such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating healthy, not procrastinating, giving up bad habits, and saving money are just a few worthwhile ambitions that people believe require self-control. People often use a variety of terms for self-control, including discipline, determination, grit, willpower, and fortitude. Psychologists typically define self-control as:?? The ability to control behaviors in order to avoid temptations and to achieve goalsThe ability to delay gratification and resist unwanted behaviors or urgesA limited resource that can be depleted Importance How important is self-control in your day-to-day life? One 2011 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 27 percent of respondents identified a lack of willpower as the primary factor keeping them from reaching their goals. Whether your goal is to lose weight, earn a college degree, or quit smoking, it is easy to believe that achieving a goal is simply a matter of controlling your behaviors. The majority of people surveyed believe that self-control can be both learned and strengthened. Researchers have also identified a number of different factors and strategies that can help people improve their self-control. Researchers have found that people who have better self-control tend to be healthier and happier. In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-discipline had better grades, higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores.?? The benefits of self-control are not limited to academic performance. One long-term health study found that people who were rated as having high levels of self-control during childhood continued to have high levels of physical and mental health in adulthood. Delaying Gratification The ability to delay gratification, or to wait to get what you want, is an important part of self-control. People are often able to control their behavior by delaying the gratification of their urges.?? For instance, a person following a specific diet might try to avoid the temptations of indulging in unhealthy foods. This individual delays their gratification and waits until they are able to enjoy an occasional treat. Delaying gratification involves putting off short-term desires in favor of long-term rewards. Researchers have found that the ability to delay gratification is important not only for attaining goals but also plays an important part in well-being and overall success in life. Can You Resist Temptation With Delayed Gratification? The Marshmallow Test The psychologist Walter Mischel conducted a series of famous experiments during the 1970s that investigated the importance of delayed gratification.?? In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away (usually a cookie or a marshmallow) or they could wait a brief period of time in order to get two snacks. At this point, the researcher would leave the child alone in a room with a single treat. Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose  to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat. Researchers found that children who were able to delay gratification in order to receive a greater reward were also more likely to have better academic performance than the kids who gave in to temptation immediately. The Hot-and-Cool System Based on his research, Mischel proposed what he referred to as a hot-and-cool system to explain the ability to delay gratification. The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional, impulsive, and urges us to act upon our desires. When this system takes over, we may give in to our momentary desires and act rashly without considering the potential long-term effects.?? The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational, thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses. The cool system helps us look for ways to distract us from our urges and find more appropriate ways to deal with our desires. Ego Depletion Research has found that self-control is a limited resource. In the long-term, exercising self-control tends to strengthen it. Practicing self-control allows you to improve it over time.?? However, self-control in the short-term is limited. Focusing all of your self-control on one thing makes it more difficult to exercise your self-control on subsequent tasks throughout your day. Psychologists refer to this tendency as ego depletion. This happens when people use up their reservoir of willpower on one task, making them unable to muster any self-control to complete the next task. How Ego Depletion Can Sabotage Your Willpower Link to Health Self-control is also important for maintaining healthy behaviors. What you eat for breakfast, how often you work out, and whether you go to the doctor regularly are all decisions that are impacted by your levels of self-control and have the potential to affect your health. Researchers have found that self-control can have a number of potential influences on health and well-being: In one study, children who had higher levels of self-control were less likely to become overweight during adolescence.??Another study found that participants who had depleted their willpower on an unrelated task were more likely to give in to temptation when later presented with a treat.??Studies have also shown that kids who struggle with self-control during childhood are also more likely to use drugs and alcohol in high school.?? While it is clear that self-control is critical for maintaining healthy behaviors, some experts believe that overemphasizing the importance of willpower can be damaging. The belief that self-control alone can help us reach our goals can lead to people to blame themselves when they are unable to resist temptation. It may also lead to feelings of learned helplessness where people feel that they cannot do anything to change a situation. As a result, people may give up quickly or simply stop trying in the face of obstacles. What Causes Learned Helplessness? Motivation and Monitoring According to psychologist and researcher Roy Baumeister, lack of willpower is not the only factor that affects goal attainment. If you are working toward a goal, three critical components must be present:?? There needs to be a clear goal and the motivation to change. Having an unclear or overly general goal (losing weight) and insufficient motivation can lead to failure. You are more likely to achieve a clearly defined goal (losing 10 pounds) with a specific motivation.You need to track your actions toward the achievement of the goal. Simply setting the goal is not enough. You need to monitor your behavior each day to ensure that you are doing the things that need to be done in order to reach your goal.You need to have willpower. Being able to control your behavior is a critical part of achieving any goal. Fortunately, research suggests that there are steps people can take in order to make the most of their available willpower. Improving Self-Control While research suggests self-control has its limitations, psychologists have also found that it can be strengthened. Effective strategies include:?? Avoid temptation. This is an effective way of making the most of your available self-control. Avoiding temptation ensures that you do not use up your available self-control before it is really needed.Plan ahead. Consider possible situations that might break your resolve. If you are faced with temptation, what actions will you take to avoid giving in? Research has found that planning ahead can improve willpower even in situations where people have experienced the effects of ego depletion.Practice using self-control. While your control might become depleted in the short-term, regularly engaging in behaviors that require you to exert self-control will improve your willpower over time. Think of self-control as a muscle. While hard work may exhaust the muscle in the short-term, the muscle will grow stronger over time as you continue to work it.Try focusing on one goal at a time. Setting a lot of goals at once (such as making a list of New Years resolutions) is usually an ineffective appro ach. Depleting your willpower in one area can reduce self-control in other areas. It is best to choose one specific goal and focus your energy on it. Once you turn the behaviors needed to reach a goal into habits, you will not need to devote as much effort toward maintaining them. You can then use your resources to achieve other goals. A Word From Verywell Self-control is an important skill that allows us to regulate behavior in order to achieve our long-term goals. Research has shown that self-control is not only important for goal attainment. People with greater willpower tend to do better in school, have higher self-esteem, and better physical and mental health. While self-control is a limited resource, research also suggests that there are things that you can do to improve and strengthen your willpower over time. How Willpower Can Improve Your Self-Control

Victorian Novel - 9605 Words

THE VICTORIAN NOVEL SPIS TREÃ…Å¡CI INTRODUCTION 1 I THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOVEL 2 II KEY AUTHORS 3 III KEY TEXTS 3 IV TOPICS 3 INTRODUCTION Many associate the word â€Å"Victorian† with images of over-dressed ladies and snooty gentlemen gathered in reading rooms. The idea of â€Å"manners† does sum up the social climate of middle-class England in the nineteenth century. However, if there is one transcending aspect to Victorian England life and society, that aspect is change. Nearly every institution of society was affected by rapid and unforeseeable changes. As some writers greeted them with fear and others embraced the progress, this essay will guide a reader through an important era in English literary history and introduce with the voices that†¦show more content†¦The time commonly known as years of revolutions and fighting across the Channel, in Britain was completely different. Here, the most vital issue for all citizens was stability and rising standards of living. Artists of ‘Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood’ claimed to write only true about nature, concentrate only on the true idea s. These three years saw the rise of such works: of Bronte sisters’ Poems, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair. The Following twenty years could be seen as the high period of ‘Victorian novel’. Despite being a mixture of boom and slump, the years of 1850-1870 were recognized by the economic growth. The nation was the richest in the continent, a leader in trade, with the largest city, London. The authors during these years were mainly focused on morality and decorum, although it was sometimes a great challenge. Mostly, novels were mirror-like for public events and scandals. Nevertheless, religious, domestic and Gothic elements also appeared. In 1860 the novel experienced some changes, mainly due to the fact that its new type emerged- sensational fiction. Written as more entertaining form, it appealed to the middle-class women, especially housewives. They were interested in the tales of bigamy, double identity, violence, set in the realities close to what they were familiar with. What is more, during that time the nation had to face two challenges of social quality. The position of theShow MoreRelatedfeatures of Victorian novel750 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ The Victorian Novel: main features First of all in the Victorian Age the dominating literary form was the novel. It was in fact easier to be read and understood by simple people, its plot was more interesting than any other literary forms, the main protagonists of the novel were the same people who read it so that they felt deeply involved in the adventure told, the writer and his readers shared the same opinions, values and ideals because they belonged to the same middle class, the settingRead MoreMorality in Victorian and Neo-Victorian Novels Essay4239 Words   |  17 PagesMorality in Victorian and Neo-Victorian Novels An essay on Jane Eyre, The Mill on the Floss, The French Lieutenants Woman, Possession and The Dress Lodger The Victorian era is one bound to morality. Morality is also defined through the traditional and religious standards that structure the way of life for many Victorians. Morality is defined as the proper principles and standards, in respect to right and wrong, which are to be practiced by all humanity. Ideally, these include obtainingRead More The French Lieutenants Woman as Victorian Realistic Novel Essay1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe French Lieutenants Woman as Victorian Realistic Novel      Ã‚   Although The French Lieutenants Woman was written and cinematized in the 20th century and is based on a modern film production of a piece of 19th century fiction, the stories and plots themselves have contextual elements of a Victorian Realistic Novel. Despite the inability to accurately and directly compare it with that of true Victorian literature, many of the same elements can be found and parallel one another. Some of theRead MoreEssay about The Victorian Life in the Novel A Christmas Carol1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe Victorian Life in the Novel A Christmas Carol There are many pictures that A Christmas Carol creates and in this essay I will show you all of them. This novella explores the many diverse types of life in the harsh Victorian era. From the Rich cruel citizens to the poor of poor like the Cratchit family. One of the pictures portrayed in the novella is the fact that many rich upper class gentlemen were not actually gentle men; in fact they could be quite the oppositeRead MoreByatt s Possession : A Romance Establishes Itself As A Postmodern University Novel1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pursuit to Discover Intro: A.S. Byatt’s Possession: A Romance establishes itself as a postmodern university novel because it centers on the field of research and academia development through a campus setting. Roland Mitchell, the protagonist of the story, is a postdoctoral and literary researcher who is more focused on academia than job prospects, fixing his crumbling relationship with his girlfriend Val, and overall taking part in mandatory obligations such as household contribution, that primarilyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Pursuit Of A Romance 1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pursuit to Discover A.S. Byatt’s Possession: A Romance establishes itself as a postmodern university novel because it centers on the field of research and academia development through a campus setting. Roland Mitchell, the protagonist of the story, is a postdoctoral and literary researcher who is more focused on academia than job prospects, fixing his crumbling relationship with his girlfriend Val, and overall taking part in mandatory obligations such as household contribution, that primarilyRead MoreThe Story of an African Farm by Olive Schreiner812 Words   |  3 PagesThe true genius of The Story of an African Farm is not in the unusual way it is constructed, although critic Patricia Murphy praises author Olive Schreiners non-linear, feminine time in the novel and the ways cyclical time influences the storys development. Neither does the novels true achievement lie in its artistic allegories, though Schreiner is commended for her mythological uses of South Africas landscape (Marquard, 294), a nd for the meaningful Hunter Tale told by Waldos stranger in theRead MoreCharlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢S Writing Was Considered Controversial1019 Words   |  5 Pagespoetry to writing novels. Brontà «, in her early years, experimented with forms of poetry that were characteristic of the Victorian period, but soon settled into her own signature style of writing. Brontà « s decision to abandon poetry for novel writing exemplifies the dramatic shift in literary tastes and the marketability of literary genres—from poetry to prose fiction—that occurred in the 1830s and 1840s. Her experience as a poet thus reflects the dominant trends in early Victorian literary cultureRead More symbolaw Symbols and Symbolism - Birds as a Symbol in The Awakening597 Words   |  3 Pagesfreedom of these animals is the symbolism that Chopin uses to illustrate the captivity Edna experiences from society and the freedom she desires.   Through this vivid bird imagery in her novel The Awakening, Chopin elucidates the struggle and freedom Edna encounters. From the beginning of the novel, the author supplies bird imagery to represent captivity and solitude. The green and yellow parrot, which h[angs] in a cage outside the door [of Madame Lebruns home], ke[eps] repeatingRead MoreEmmas Masculinity in Madame Bovary Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesSet in the Victorian era of the 1800’s Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert exemplifies society’s views on the established gender roles of this time. Flaubert utilizes Emma Bovary’s masculinity to accentuate Emma’s desire for control. Her desire for control extends from the social pressure of the period, revealing her envy towards men. Flaubert undoubtedly depicts Emma’s characteristics to have a masculine undertone and throughout the novel her femininity deviates as her priority shifts. Emma’s lack

Basement Free Essays

3 – basement 3 – Basement 1 Quick Revision 1. 1 Problems arising from basement construction a. Excavation method. We will write a custom essay sample on Basement or any similar topic only for you Order Now b. Surface and ground water control c. Lateral stability of basement excavation. d. Stability of adjoining building. 1. 2 Ground water control – dewatering a. Open Sump Pumping b. Wellpoint System. c. Shallow-Bored Well System d. Deep-Bored Well System 1. 3 Basement Excavation a. Open excavation b. Sheet pile cofferdam Supported with raking struts Supported with struts and walings Supported with ground anchors Ground support and ground water control for deep excavation Cut off wallings: c. Thin grouted diaphrage d. Mixed in place wall e. Ground treatment f. Circular cofferdam g. Diaphrage wall 1/11 3 – basement 2. Cut-off wallings 2. 1 Thin grouted diaphragm A series of touching universal beams or columns are driven into the ground to the required depth. A grout injection pipe is fixed to the web the section and this is connected to a group pump at the ground. As the sections are withdrawn the void created is filled with cement grout to form the thin membrane. This is a non-structural wall and services only as a cut-off wall. It is uitable subsoil of silt, sand and gravel. 2. 2 Thin grouted diaphragm (Source: R. Chudley) Mixed-in-place wall A hollow churn drill is drilled into the ground. Intrusion grout is pumped through the hollow kelly bar during the drilling operation. When the required depth is reached, the auger rotation is reversed and withdrawn while grout injection continues. The grout is thus mixed with the existing soil to form a mixed-in-place pile. The above process is repeated with the piles being cast against each other until the whole wall is formed. Mixed-in-place pile (Source: Jufri Wellmen) /11 3 – basement 2. 3 Ground treatment The major disadvantage of pumping is causing settlement of surrounding ground. In urban areas, settlement would serious affect the stability of adjacent properties. In this situation, grouting method can be used to control ground water. The basic method is to inject the soil or rock with fluids which, on setting, seal or reduce the permeability of the material. There are various types of grouts. The choice of grouts, the pattern and spacing of the injection pipes will depend upon the particle sizes of the soil or the size of fissures in the rock. Cement Grouting (Source: R. Chudley) 2. 3. 1 Cement grouting Cement grout is suitable for injecting into coarse materials which have a high permeability. This method not only can form an impermeable barrier to ground water but also solidify loose soils which prevents from collapsing during excavation. It is usual to commence grouting with a batch of thin grout and then to increase the viscosity of the grout as the process continues, by reducing the water-cement ratio. The grout used may be composed of neat cement grout, or a mixture of cement and 3/11 3 – basement sand in the ratio of 1 : 4. The adding of sand reduces the cost of material but it also reduces the workability. On the other hand, pulverized fuel ash (PFA) may be used to replace part of the cement (up to 50%) to reduce the cost of the material. The spherical particle shape of PFA improves the flow quality of the grout without reducing its strength. 2. 3. 2 Bentonite grouting Bentonite grouting is used in ground conditions where the particles of the soil are too small for cement grouting. While bentonite grout adds little strength to the soil, it has a high resistance to water flow and therefore produces an excellent barrier. Bentonite is produced from montmorillionite clay, which has thixotropic properties: when it coagulates it forms a gel, and if mixed with certain additives, such as Portland cement or soluble silicates, the barrier formed will be permanent. 2. 3. 3 Chemical grouting There are two main processes of chemical grouting: ‘one-shot’ and ‘two shot’. In the ‘two-shot’ process, pipes are driven into the ground at about 600 mm centres, and the first chemical, normally sodium silicate, is injected. This is followed immediately by the injection of the second chemical, calcium chloride. The reaction between the two chemicals is immediate, resulting in a tough, insoluble ‘silica-gel’. The process gives considerable strength to the soil and greatly reduces its permeability. Two-shot process for chemical grouting 4/11 3 – basement The ‘two-shot’ process has been largely superseded by the ‘one-shot’ process, which consists of mixing together prior to injection two chemicals whose gel time can be sufficiently delayed to allow full penetration of the soil before gel occurs. The extent of the delay can be accurately controlled by varying the proportions of the two chemicals. The extra time available for placing this grout allows wider spacing of the boreholes. 4. 2. 6 Circular cofferdam Steel sheet pile cofferdams may be arranged in circular shape in plan. Circular cofferdams may be supported with ring walings. The walings are subject to tangential thrust and act as a continuous arch. Thus transverse struts are not required. Large diameter circular cofferdams may be formed of concrete diaphragm wall and reinforced with ring concrete beam. The advantage of this method is that it provides a clear excavation un-hampered by struts. However, the method is restricted to circular shape. Circular cofferdam support with ring walings Basement construction of IFC 5/11 3 – basement 5 Diaphragm Walls Diaphragm walling describes the construction of continuous concrete walls into the ground. The process, sometimes called the slurry trench method, involves the excavation of a narrow trench to the required depth which supported with bentonite slurry. The trench is then filled with concrete to form the wall. Construction of diaphragm wall 5. 1 Advantages of using diaphragm walls for basement construction 1. The process of constructing the wall is relatively quiet and has little vibration. . The wall can be constructed to a great depth. 3. The wall provides temporary ground supports during excavation hence expensive steelwork is eliminated or minimized. 4. The wall provides a good water cut-off; no dewatering is required and hence has little effects on adjacent structure. 5. The wall serves both as external wall for the basement and the foundation for the superstructure. 6. For deep basement, diaphragm walling is more economical than using steel sheeting cofferdam. 6/11 3 – basement 5. 2 Method of construction of concrete diaphragm wall 1. A perimeter trench, 1 to 1. m deep and with a width equal to the wall thickness plus 300 mm is excavated. 2. The trench is lined on both sides with 150 mm thick in-situ concrete. (The linings provide a guide for the grab and protect the top of the excavation from collapse. ) 3. The wall is divided into to panels. The width of each panel is about 4. 5 to 7 m. The sequence of construction for the panels is in an alternatively way. That is, an intermediate panel is excavated after panels on its both sides have been cast. 4. The trench is then filled with bentonite slurry from a large storage tank before excavation. Excavation is done by a grab. During excavation, it is important to maintain the slurry level at about 0. 5 m below the top of the trench. (The function of the bentonite is to prevent the ingress of water and soil into the trench. ) Excavation is continued until the founding is reached. 5. Stop end pipes of diameter equal the wall thickness are placed at both ends of the panel. A reinforcement cage is lowered through the bentonite and panel is cast with tremie concrete. The displaced bentonite is recovered, strained to remove the soil particles and then stored for future use. 6. When the concrete has set, the stop end pipes are removed. Semi-circular sockets are formed which provide key for the adjacent panels. 7. Further panels of the diaphragm wall are then formed in a similar manner until the wall is completed. 5. 3 Precast Concrete Diaphragm Walls Diaphragm walls can also be formed with precast concrete panels. The construction sequence is: 1. A perimeter trench, lined on both sides with concrete walls, is prepared. 7/11 3 – basement 2. The trench is filled with bentonite slurry and excavated with a grab. During excavation, the slurry level is maintained at about 0. m below the top of the trench. Excavation is continued until the founding is reached. 3. Cement grout is introduced to the bottom of the trench with a spreader. The displaced bentonite is recovered, strained to remove the soil particles and then stored for future use. 4. Precast posts or panels are inserted into the trench to form the wall 5. When the grout has set, it seals the joints of the precast panels effectively, and the diaphragm wall is formed. Precast Concrete Diaphragm Wall Precast Concrete Diaphragm Wall (Source: R. Holmes) (Source: R. Holmes) 8/11 3 – basement 6 Soldier pile wall Since the wall of a basement must be watertight, if a soldier pile wall is used as a basement wall, the piles of the wall will be constructed to overlap with each other. This type of wall is also called secant pile wall. The overlapping is about 120 to 200 mm. It is cut by a hydraulic actuated casing fitted with a cutting ring at the lower end. The cutting must be done within one or two days after the concrete has been cast to prevent it become to hard. Secant pile wall Alternatively, the piles of the wall are cast contiguous. Boreholes are drill at the joints of the piles which cut the edges of the piles. The boreholes are then filled ith bentonite-cement grout to seal the joints. Secant pile wall (Source: R. Chudley) 9/11 3 – basement 7 Top-Down Basement Construction It is to construct the basement in the downward direction to the final levels of the basement. The sequence of work is as follows:1. Construct the permanent basement wall using diaphragm wall or soldier piles wa ll. 2. Construct bored piles with temporary steel casings as the foundation of the basement. The cut-off level of the piles is at the final basement level. 3. Place steel columns inside the steel casings of the bore piles from the foundation level up to the ground level. . Backfill the shafts with granular material to hold the steel columns. 5. Construct the ground floor slab supported on the steel columns and the diaphragm walls. (This slab provides a working platform for superstructure construction and acts as the lateral support for the basement excavation. ) Access opening in this slab shall be provided for further excavation. 6. Excavate beneath the ground floor slab down to next basement floor soffit. 7. Cut the steel casing, remove the gravel and expose the steel column. 8. Cast the second basement slab. The slab is connected to the columns with shear studs and connected the diaphragm wall with dowels) 9. Repeat the process for the successive basement floors until down to the final basement slab. The top-down method provides the following main advantages:1. Superstructure can be constructed at the same time as the basement construction takes place and therefore the overall construction time is reduced. 2. Temporary and permanent works are combined and therefore there is no need for extensive steel temporary works. 3. Stiff rigid walls allow an almost watertight construction and basement construction to great depth. These stiff walls provide at the same time a limitation to ground movement. 10/11 3 – basement Steel casing infilled with granular material Steel column on top of bored pile Reference: Control of groundwater for temporary works (1986), S. H. Somerville, CIRCA Construction Technology (1987), R. Chudley, Longman Building Construction Handbook (1992), R. Chudley, Newnes Introduction to Civil Engineering Construction (1985), R. Holmes, College of Estate Management Civil Engineering Construction IV (1991), S. A. R. Jufri R. J. Wellmen, Hong Kong Polytechnic 11/11 How to cite Basement, Papers

Straight From The Ceo Essays - Customer Experience Management

Straight From The Ceo Straight from the CEO A Review of the Literature (Dauphinais and Price, 1998) The minds of CEO's are, in aggregate, a tremendous center of power in society. Upon these minds - how they tick, how they prioritize, how they view the vectors of change depends on the transmission of know-how, technology, capital, and jobs. In addition, as globalization increases, the socioeconomic impact of their thoughts becomes all the greater (p. 15). This book provides a broad cross sample of the global CEO population. Insightful interviews have been collected, which contain lessons from both the brawny companies that have been forced to reinvent themselves, as well as from some of the brainy upstarts that needed to be rather unconventional to gain access to the global playing field. CEO's of top world corporations tell how they handle globalization, customer service, motivation, leadership and other management issues. Gone is the day of the stern looking, tight lipped, antisocial dark suit who sits positioned in the large corner office secured by twelve foot walnut doors with gold handles. Today's workers demand involvement and interaction from upper management, no longer do the baby boomers see fit to have P and L figures discussed between upper management only. In order to be a successful CEO in today's society you must be able to demonstrate an understanding of the dynamics of value enhancement, to be aware of opportunities and to exploit them. The future and success of the company depends on how you view the company and how your employees view you. A CEO's understanding can have no limits, adapting to change is just a small step in dealing with the organizations future. When we discuss change we have to keep in mind that, the largest of corporations feel the pressures of change on a global level, competing with our global trading partners such as Japan, China, and Europe. In order to be global a corporation must be able to compete on a worldwide basis and to do this manager's must be able to think globally. Percy Barnevik of ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd comments: Global managers are not born-they must be developed (p. 40). Developing managers in global thinkers has to start with understanding of the differences between U.S. and the international culture. For example, several months ago a potential client came to town and of course we wanted to leave an impressionable opinion by having lunch at the new Japanese restaurant that everyone in town raved about. The meeting with the client was extremely successful but she was a little uncomfortable with the waiter standing beside our table throughout the entire lunch just in case we required any additional se rvice. Noticing the client's apprehension towards discussing details of her business, I pulled the waiter to the side and asked if would simply check back every fifteen minutes or so to see if we needed anything. That is when the waiter informed me that it was customary for him to stand by our table and wait otherwise it is considered very poor service. This little incident would not have broken our deal, but it does give strong indications of how the Japanese view customer service as compared to the U.S. OshKosh B'Gosh, Inc. CEO Douglas Hyde's view on customer service: We have always treated our customer service as an extension of our commitment to value and quality. At OshKosh B'Gosh we believe that the customer is always right, and we implement this philosophy in all customer service issues, including any and all complaints from customers (p. 307). Customer service is the guts of the business as Chris Braccia the Vice President of Marketing at First County bank would say. Businesses thrive off customer satisfaction, a satisfied customer means a returning customer. A majority of a corporation's time and money is used appeasing and researching customers likes and dislikes. CEO's of the top corporations feel customer service should never be taken lightly, developing a strong relationship with your client base will only lead to a prosperous future. A large part of developing a loyal customer service base deals with motivating your employees to having the corporation's views on customer service. If your employees do not have the same sense of

Critical Study of Apoptosis and programmed cell death The WritePass Journal

Critical Study of Apoptosis and programmed cell death Introduction Critical Study of Apoptosis and programmed cell death IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction Apoptosis in the hair follicle is programmed cell death, which occurs at a point during the cell cycle, when a sequence of programmed events causes the cells to be eliminated without the release of waste and harmful substances into the surrounding vicinity. Control of apoptosis is crucial to development of new and recycling of old cells within the body as over stimulation of apoptosis can be fatal, causing extreme tissue damage- examples of which are cancer sufferers. In this review we will discuss evidence from scientific experiments which investigate regulators of apoptosis and what really controls apoptosis in the hair follicle. Apoptosis within the hair follicle cycle is controlled by many molecular processes and elements, of which include cytokines, tumor necrosis factor receptors, bcl-2 family gene products and ICE proteases (Soma et al., 1998). Apoptosis occurs during the catagen stage of follicle cycling which can also be known as the regression stage, and begins with initiation of receptors to their binding sites. This is specifically the binding of receptors that are rich in extracellular cysteine usually needed for binding, and intracellular compartments specific for signalling (Botchkareva et al., 2006). These receptors- also known as death receptors initiate the beginning of apoptosis, signalling via the mitochondrial membrane and setting in motion adapter molecules complementary to their apoptotic receptors (APO1/Fas receptor or tumor necrosis factor receptor- TNFR). Others include tyrosine kinase receptors- such as nerve growth factor (NGF), and p75 receptor- ‘p75NTR signalling is criticall y important for apoptosis in the regressing ORS and, therefore, for its shortening during catagen’ ( Botchkarev et al.,2000). These signals are conveyed into the cell via a cascade of enzymes known as caspases, which subsequently lead to the next stages of apoptosis. Investigations into apoptosis show that ‘physiological and pathological catagen is noticeably characterised by an up-regulation of ICE expression and an apparent inversion of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in all epithelial follicle regions that undergo involution during catagen.’(Linder et al., 1997) This refers to intracellular and extracellular molecules located around the hair follicle, which show some control of the progression of cell death, when subjected to variation. The investigation proved that apoptosis within follicular keratinocytes in a normal state or diseased state occurred after a significant reduction in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, which in turn caused activation of ICE proteases and eventually activation of endonucleases (Linder et al., 1997). This indicates that Bcl-2 and Bax ratios to an extent control apoptosis when down regulated, and then cause a domino effect to upregulate ICE proteases known as the caspase family, to eventually cause DNA to be cleaved into small er fragments, cell shrinkage and rounding, breakdown of the cytoskeleton and membrane blebbing. Caspases are the final inducer of apoptosis from physiological or pathological stimulation, and therefore play a major role in control of apoptosis, by remaining as an inactive form when apoptosis is not required, but becoming activated by the down regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax family of receptors, when apoptosis is required to take place. Caspases are mediators of apoptosis, and are defined and separated into two groups. The first group are the ‘instigators’ and begin the cascade, the second group are the ‘terminators’ which are activated by the instigators and cause the activation of other enzymes within the cell.   The caspase family consists of caspase-8, caspase-10 and caspase-3, which act to activate the intrinsic pathway, and to link the extrinsic to the intrinsic pathway by releasing cytochrome c, a process which is primarily controlled by a family of proteins known as the Bcl-2 proteins.   These are expressed in the epithelium, surrounding mesench yme, and follicular papilla of the adult hair follicle throughout the cycle (Stenn et al., 1994). The release of cytochrome c ultimately forms a holoenzyme known as the apotosome, which is formed by the apoptosis initiator enzyme procaspase-9, and its adaptor molecule Apaf-1(Botchkareva et al., 2006). These apoptosomes then cleave and activate the procaspase into caspase-9, which subsequently turns on effector caspase-3. Caspase-3 is a major proteolytic enzyme, with the ability to defragment a wide range of molecules and substrates within the cell. The activation of caspase-3 then leads to the cell fragmentation and phagocytosis stages of hair follicle apoptosis. References nature.com/jid/journal/v126/n2/full/5700007a.html ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1858357/pdf/amjpathol00024-0099.pdf http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/146/3/1214 fasebj.org/content/14/13/1931.long fasebj.org/content/15/9/1592.full.pdf applepoly.com/studies/Analysis_of_Apoptotic_Cell_Death_in_Human_Hair_Follicles.pdf

All About Americas Gilded Age

All About Americas Gilded Age The Gilded Age. The name, popularized by American author Mark Twain, conjures images of gold and jewels, lavish palaces, and wealth beyond imagination. And indeed, during the period we know as the Gilded Age - the late 1800s to the 1920s - American business leaders amassed huge fortunes, creating a suddenly-rich baron class with a fondness for ostentatious displays of newfound wealth. Millionaires built palatial and often gaudy homes in New York City and summer cottages on Long Island and in Newport, Rhode Island. Before long, even refined families like the Astors, who had been wealthy for generations, joined in the whirlwind of architectural excesses. In large cities and then in upscale resort communities, noted established architects like Stanford White and Richard Morris Hunt were designing enormous homes and elegant hotels that mimicked the castles and palaces of Europe. Renaissance, Romanesque, and Rococo styles merged with the opulent European style known as Beaux Arts. The Gilded Age of architecture usually refers to the opulent mansions of the super-wealthy in the United States. The well-to-do built elaborate second homes in the suburbs or in rural settings while at the same time many more people were living in urban tenements and the decaying farmlands of America. Twain was being ironic and satiric in naming this period of American history. Americas Gilded Age The Gilded Age is a time period, an era in history with no specific beginning or end. Families had accumulated wealth from generation to generation - profits from the Industrial Revolution, the building of the railroads, urbanization, the rise of Wall Street and the banking industry, financial gains from the Civil War and Reconstruction, the manufacturing of steel, and the discovery of American crude oil. The names of these families, such as  John Jacob Astor, live on even today. By the time the book The Gilded Age, A Tale of Today was published in 1873, authors Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner could easily describe what  was behind the ostentation of wealth in post-Civil War America. There is no country in the world, sir, that pursues corruption as inveterately as we do, says one character in the book. Now here you are with your railroad complete, and showing its continuation to Hallelujah and thence to Corruptionville. For some observers, the Gilded Age was a time of immorality, dishonesty, and graft. Money is said to have been made off the backs of an expanding immigrant population who found ready employment with men of industry. Men such as John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie are often considered robber barons. Politcal corruption was so pervasive that Twains 19th century book continues to be used as a reference for the 21st century U.S. Senate. In European history this same time period is called the Belle Époque or the Beautiful Age. Architects, too, jumped on the bandwagon of what is often called conspicuous consumption.  Richard Morris Hunt (1827-1895) and Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886) were professionally trained in Europe, leading the way to making architecture a valued American profession. Architects the like of Charles Follen McKim (1847-1909) and Stanford White (1853-1906) learned opulence and elegance by working under the leadership of Richardson. Philadelphian Frank Furness (1839-1912) studied under Hunt. The sinking of the Titanic in 1912 put a damper on the boundless optimism and excessive spending of the era. Historians often mark the end of the Gilded Age with the stock market crash of 1929. The grand homes of the Gilded Age now stand as monuments to this time in American history. Many of them are open for tours, and a few have been converted to luxury inns. The 21st Century Gilded Age The great divide between the wealthy few and the poverty of many is not relegated to the end of the 19th century. In reviewing Thomas Pikettys book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, economist Paul Krugman reminds us that It has become a commonplace to say that we are living in a second Gilded Age - or, as Piketty likes to put it, a second Belle Époque - defined by the incredible rise of the one percent. So, where is the equivalent architecture? The Dakota was the first luxury apartment building in New York City during the first Gilded Age. Todays luxury apartments are being designed all over New York City by the likes of Christian de Portzamparc, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Jean Nouvel, Herzog de Meuron, Annabelle Selldorf, Richard Meier, and Rafael Vià ±oly - they are todays Gilded Age architects. Gilding the Lilly Gilded Age architecture is not so much a type or style of architecture as it describes an extravagance that is not representative of the American population. It falsely characterizes the architecture of the time. To gild is to cover something with a thin layer of gold - to make something appear more worthy than it is or to attempt to improve that which needs no improvement, to overdo, like gilding a lilly. Three centuries earlier than the Gilded Age, even British playwright William Shakespeare used the metaphor in several of his dramas: To gild refined gold, to paint the lily,To throw a perfume on the violet,To smooth the ice, or add another hueUnto the rainbow, or with taper-lightTo seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish,Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.- King John, Act 4, Scene 2 All that glitters is not gold;Often have you heard that told:Many a man his life hath soldBut my outside to behold:Gilded tombs do worms enfold.- The Merchant of Venice, Act 2, Scene 7 Architecture of the Gilded Age: Visual Elements Many of the Gilded Age mansions have been taken over by historic societies or transformed by the hospitality industry. The Breakers Mansion is the largest and most elaborate of Newports Gilded Age cottages. It was commissioned by Cornelius Vanderbilt II, designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt, and built oceanside between 1892 and 1895. Across the waters from the Breakers you can live like a millionaire at  Oheka Castle on Long Island in New York State. Built in 1919, the Chà ¢teauesque summer home was built by financier Otto Hermann Kahn. Biltmore Estate and Inn is another Gilded Age mansion that is both a tourist attraction and a place to rest your head in elegance. Constructed for George Washington Vanderbilt at the end of 19th century, Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina took hundreds of workers five years to complete. Architect Richard Morris Hunt modeled the house after a French Renaissance chateau. Vanderbilt Marble House: Railroad baron William K. Vanderbilt spared no expense when he built a house for his wifes birthday. Designed by Richard Morris Hunt, Vanderbilts grand Marble House,  built between 1888 and 1892, cost $11 million, $7 million of which paid for 500,000 cubic feet of white marble. Much of the interior is gilt with gold. The Vanderbilt Mansion on the Hudson River was designed for Frederick and Louise Vanderbilt. Designed by Charles Follen McKim of McKim, Mead White, the  Neoclassical Beaux-Arts Gilded Age architecture is uniquely set in Hyde Park, New York. Rosecliff Mansion was built for Nevada silver heiress Theresa Fair Oelrichs - not a household American name like the Vanderbilts. Nevertheless, Stanford White of McKim, Mead White designed and constructed the Newport, Rhode Island cottage between 1898 and 1902. Sources Why We’re in a New Gilded Age by Paul Krugman, The New York Review of Books, May 8, 2014 [accessed Jun 19, 2016]Getty Images include Rosecliff Mansion by Mark Sullivan; Biltmore Estate by George Rose; Gold Room of Marble House by Nathan Benn/Corbis; and Vanderbilt Mansion on the Hudson by Ted Spiegel/Corbis

Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Total Quality Management - Essay Example TQM has been designed for companies that are operating in various disciplines and for this reason, each company has different uses and implementation technique of TQM. However, there are organizations that fail to implement TQM at an operational level. Some of the reasons for the failure are as follows:Â   Rigid Organizational CultureOne of the key reasons for failure of TQM is that the implementation of this process requires patience and agility and it requires flexibility in organizational culture. Organizations are required to change their paradigm from a functional to customer focus approach. Organizations that are unable to cope up with this approach can face detrimental consequences because implementation of TQM is not easy and it requires mobility to changing customer needs and business trends. Not every organization can cope up to such changes and this is certainly one of the reasons of failed implementation of TQM.Resistance to ChangeIf a company wants to implement TQM, it should first communicate to its employees the importance of TQM. Every single employee, from the lowest to the highest hierarchical level, should be accepting and willing to adopt this organizational change (Donaldson & Munir, 2013). However, such changes are not successful at times because some employees do not want to come out of their comfort zone and resist to any sort of change. Employees fail to understand the importance of this activity and do not understand that this will improve the productivity and profitability of the company.

Technical writting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Technical writting - Assignment Example He could position the data and information according to things to carry out in the diverse geographic or districts locations of the town. Spatial pattern makes logic intended for the author to standardize the information through physical location for the reason that the information is simple to understand as well as utilize in this format, mainly for tourists who are not well-known with the region (Friedlander, 2004). A Chronological principle of organization is order of importance or climactic order. In Chronological pattern, items are set as of least important to most important. Usual conversions would comprise most difficult, more important, by far the most expensive, still harder, worse up till now, even more damaging, and so on. This is an elastic standard of organization, as well as can guide the organization of the entire or part of case, cause & effect, comparison & contrast, plus description (Friedlander, 2004). For instance, a writers stated principle is to explain the past development or development of the city of Seattle. Supposing that Seattle is having 100 years old history, the writer could systematize the data and information through combining it into 4 chunks of 25-year each. In this state of affairs, the sub-points within all major part of time represent the mainly important events that happened throughout that particular time frame (University of Washington, 2009). Usability testing is proven to trim down expenditure, augment user satisfaction, also save on improvement as well as redesign work (Blastam, 2009). Usability testing assesses behavior, not preference.   Clients are notoriously bad at presenting what kind of software they want; on the other hand through observing and determining behavior, we are able to know about most excellent supports, their motivations, and objectives (Ostrander, 2000). Usability testing offers a great competitive

Fascism Essay -- essays research papers

What is Fascism? Fascism is a 20th century form of nationalistic, militaristic, totalitarian dictatorship that seeks to create a feasible society through strict regimentation of national and individual lives. Total subordination to the service of the state and unquestioning loyalty to its leader would adjust conflicting interests. It is a modern political ideology that looks to regenerate the social, economic, and cultural life of a country by basing it on a heightened sense of national belonging of ethnic identity. Fascism rejects liberal ideas of freedom and individual rights, it often presses for the destruction of elections, legislatures and other elements of democracy. Despite fascism’s idealistic goals, attempts to build fascist societies have led to wars and persecutions that have caused millions of deaths (notably WWII and the Holocaust). As a result, fascism is strongly associated with right-wing fanaticism, racism, totalitarianism and violence. Fascist movements oppose such doctrines as liberalism, individualism, materialism, communism and conservatism. In general, fascists stand against all scientific, economic, religious, academic, cultural and leisure activities that do not serve their vision of a national political life. Fascism emphasised nationalism, but its appeal was international. Fascist political parties and movements capitalised on the intense patriotism that emerged as a response to widespread social and political uncertainty after World War I (1914-1918) and the Russian Revolution of 1917. It flourished between the so called fascist era of 1919 and 1945 in many countries mainly Italy, Germany, Spain and Japan. Even such liberal democracies as France and England had important fascist movements. Scholars disagree over how to define the basic elements of fascism, some even insist it was limited to Italy under Mussolini. When the term is capitalised as Fascism, it refers to the Italian movement. Beginning in the 1970’s, some scholars began to develop a broad definition of fascism and by the 1990’s many had embraced the new approach. This new approach emphasises the way in which fascist movements attempt revolutionary change and their central focus on popularising myths of ethnic or national renewal. Seen from this prospective, all forms of fascism have three common features: anticonservatism, a myth of national or ethnic renewal and ... ...vation less acutely than others.† All political parties except the fascists, were banned and trade unions were almost made illegal. Instead workers and employers were made to join â€Å"Corporations†, which were meant to sort out the differences between them. Newspapers and books were censored and all education was controlled. 1922 was renamed Year One and all school books were rewritten. Boys were expected to become good soldiers and all students were encouraged to join organisations which taught them how to be better fascists. Mussolini began a series of schemes to improve the Italian economy, he called these the â€Å"Battles.† He tried to make Italy self sufficient in food, farmers were encouraged to grow more wheat ( the Battle for Grain). Families were encouraged to have more children, the Battle for Births and land for agriculture was reclaimed, the Battle for Land. Women were discouraged from working horse riding and wearing trousers Instead they were encouraged to stay at home and have as many children as possible. In 1940 Mussolini reviewed a parade of 180 married couples who had produced 1544, the mothers were given gold medals for their service to the nation.

One Day on the River Essay

Elijah has grander and more dangerous dreams. Having been largely acculturated by a residential school upbringing before escaping into the forest to live with Xavier and Niska, he has acquired the dubious skills of public relations and boastfulness as much as the crafts of the hunter. His English, learned from the nuns, is impeccable, and he makes his mark among the men in the trenches as much by the flash of his storytelling as by his murderous midnight prowls in no man’s land. Gradually Elijah becomes imprisoned by two great obsessions: a need for morphine, whose use is rampant up and down the lines, and an insatiable hunger for killing. Some French soldiers suggest that if he really wants to gain respect for all his kills, he should scalp his victims as evidence. He decides to do so, much to Xavier’s disgust. In counterpoint to the exploits of Xavier and Elijah, Boyden interweaves the story of Niska, told as she paddles her wounded nephew back home after the war is over. Niska is part of the sad but admirable remnant of traditional natives who refused to enter the reserves in the 19th century, choosing instead to live by their wits and traditional teachings in the woods. Subject to what modern medicine would call epileptic seizures, Niska is deemed by her tribe to have inherited her father’s skills as a shaman and a windigo-killer. Since windigos manifest themselves in humans who have practiced cannibalism, getting rid of them involves what white society would call murder, and indeed Niska’s father was executed as a murderer by the white courts. The constant crossing of the moral lines between the worldviews of native and white society is one of the many strengths of this fascinating novel. At one point, hunkered down in his sniper’s nest, Xavier indulges himself (and the reader) in a contemplation on the number three, which he sees as an obsession of his white commanders. There’s the front line, the support line, and the reserve line, for starters. There’s the infantry, the cavalry, and the artillery. Off the battlefield, there’s food, then rest, then women. In church, there’s the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Not to mention the superstition about lighting three cigarettes with one match, a prime metaphor for courting danger in the Great War. But then Xavier suddenly remembers Niska’s traditional teaching, that those who are dying must walk the three-day road to death, and he wonders â€Å"if we share something, some magic. Maybe it will help me get through all this.† The real war hero, Peggy, makes a brief cameo appearance in the novel, which may not have been a wise choice on the author’s part. The characters of Xavier and Niska and, to a slightly lesser extent, Elijah are full to the brim with life – they’re quite satisfying and believable as they are, and need no further stamp of authentication.

Characterization of Gelatin A biopolymer for Drug Delivery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1451 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Analytics Essay Level High school Tags: Characterization Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Drug Delivery has become an interesting in the present day bringing together Material Science Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Bio-medical Engineering and Pharm-ology together. This method helps to provide an effective way to use a compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans and animals. The technique involves modification of drug release profiles, absorption, distribution and elimination for the benefit of improving product efficacy, safety, as well as patient compliance and convenience. Gelatin is a naturally occurring macromolecular and bio degradable protein that is obtained from skins, tissues and bones of animals. It has high water solubility, non toxicity, high mechanical strength and elasticity in dry state making it a perfect material for drug delivery. There are two kinds of Gelatin. Type A, with isoionic value of 7 to 9, is inferred utilizing solely corrosive pretreatment. Type B, with isoionic value of 4 to 5, is the aftereffect of an antacid pretreatment.[2] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Characterization of Gelatin A biopolymer for Drug Delivery" essay for you Create order The usual sources of Gelatin are bovine and pig skins and demineralized bones and hooves. This is a cause for problem for people tend to not consume gelatin based medicines due to religious reasons, mad cow disease and social reasons. To solve this, another source of gelatin was experimented for, extraction of Type B gelatin from fresh water fish L. rohita. In this project we look at its extraction, manufacturing of gelatin and the characteristic properties of the type B gelatin obtained.[1] PROCESSING Since there are two sorts of Gelatin, there are two fundamental assembling procedures of Gelatin: Alkaline and corrosive process. The subsequent items can be altogether different as far as piece and physical properties.[4] Acid handled collagen is absorbed weaken corrosive nature of the acid and after that extricated at about pH 4 for gelatin producing. Non-collagenous proteins and mucoproteins of the tissue are isoelectric at this pH and are consequently not so much solvent but rather more promptly coagulated under the extraction conditions. Contaminants which are expelled along these lines rely upon the quality and birthplace of the raw material and the reproducibility of the producers process.[4] When managing the basic procedure, the pretreatment of the collagen requires a drawn out absorbing the soluble arrangements (by and large, immersed lime-water). A decent measure of the pollutions (proteins and mucosubstances) are dissolvable at the oppressed pH and are separated. Gelatins from soluble base process will in general be cleaner than corrosive created gelatin, yet this variety might be because of the assembling process.[4] Moreover to the challenges referenced beforehand, the produce of gelatin is liable to more confusions. For instance the aggregate number of carboxyl gatherings accessible for ionization relies on the extraction technique. Distinctive gelatins can have diverse proportions of acidic and essential gathering in this manner distinctive isoelectric focuses. Charged gatherings impact the cooperations between nearby gelatin atoms, between every particle and the dissolvable and between various parts of a similar atom, as the protein chains are adaptable. The degree of these factors change with pH, and are likewise subject to the aggregate ionic sythesis of the framework in this way an itemized depiction of the dissolvable and additionally that of the gelatin is a necessity.[4] CHARACTERIZATION Sample Preparation Fish scales of L.Rohita having weight of 100-200g were collected at Guntur , Andhra Pradesh , India. The scales were removed using hands, kept in air tight bags and on ice for preservation. Gelatin was extracted using the alkali method. Dried scales were stirred in a solution of 5% NaCl at 30 min room temperature. This step was repeated twice and then the scales were stirred with 4% NaOH to remove the non-collagenous proteins from the scales. To remove lipids from the scales, iso-butyl alcohol was used. This step was repeated three times in a digital linear shaker. The final step was dimineralisation which was done using 0.5N EDTA at a pH of 7.66 for four different time periods of 12h, 2h, 2h and 1h. The scales were then dried on plastic trays and grinded to obtain the gelatin in powder form.[1] Gelatin Yield [1]The gelatin yield is given by the following equation Yield of Gelatin=(Weight of dried Gelatin)/(Dry weight of Fish Scale)?—100 Determination of Gelatin pH To determine the pH of Gelatin, prepare a 1% gelatin solution in distilled water and cool to 25? °C in a water bath. The pH is then measured. UV-vis Spectroscopy Analysis Ultraviolet and Visible absorption spectroscopy is the measurement of the attenuation of a beam of light after it passes through a sample or after reflection from a sample surface. Absorption measurements can be at a single wavelength or over an extended spectral range. UV spectroscopy is used for: Detection of functional groups Detection of Impurities Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Single compound without chromophore Drugs with chromophoric reagent Ultraviolet absorbption spectra arise from transition of electron within a molecule from a lower level to a higher level. A molecule absorbs ultraviolet radiation of frequency(V), the electron in that molecule undergoes transition from lower to higher energy level. The energy can be calculated by E_1-E_0=hV The UV-vis absorption spectrum was recorded using a UV vis double beam spectrophotometer in the range of 200-400nm. Fourier transform infrared(FITR) spectroscopy analysis FTIR is a technique based on vibrational spectroscopy. AN infrared spectrum is obtained using fourier transforms. Fourier Transfroms help to represent a range of Sinusodial waves as a single summition function. Presently FITR has replaced the dispersive method as it has a higher signal to noise ratio.[3] The IR enters the interoferometer. It has a beam splitter and 2 mirrors. The beam splitter splits the radiation, One beam strikes a moving mirror and one beam strikes a fixed mirror. The two beams then combine and intract with the sample and then go to the detector. The difference in wave length is plotted and then used to determine a fourier transform.[3] 100 mg of KBr and 2mg of Gelatin was mixed and placed in FITR equipment. FITR was performed at room temperature and measurements were taken. X-Ray diffraction To determine the Crystal structure, X ray diffraction was used. The operating voltage was 45kV and the operating current was at 40mA. The radiation used was Cu K? ±.[1] Scanning Electron Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to determine the surface morphology of Gelatin. Gelatin was coated with gold in a vaccum sputter and a photograph was taken.[1] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Yield of Gelatin The gelatin extracted was yellow and the weight percentage was 24% which is higher than the yield of red tilapia(7.81%) and black tilapia(5.39%)(found in previous studies)[1] Characterization results The UV-vis spectroscopy showed absorption at 224nm, indicating a presence of strong peptide bonds. Absorption at 210-240nm shows the presence of peptide chromophore. Since the operational range was 200-400nm, the results can be considered valid. Refer figure 2.[1] Figure2. UV-vis absorption spectrum of fish scale gelatin FITR measurement made it possible to identify the amino groups present. Also it helped to identify the bonds responsible for the structural and functional stabilization. Amino acids are made of amide bonds which can be identified by the specific amide band that is absorbed at the FITR measurement. [1] Peaks(cm-1) Possible functional bands 3433 Hydrogen bond 1630 Amide-I 1565 Amide-II 1240 Amide-III 1460 Symmetric Bending 1380 Asymmetric Bending Table 1- FITR results of Gelatin Figure 3. FTIR spectrum of gelatin Porosity is determined by Scanning electron microscopy analysis. Porosity characterization is the determination of open pores which determine properties like permeability and the surface area of the porous structure.The microstructure obtained shows that the polymer has an array of hollow cells. Higher density shows greater mechanical strength and the higher porosity shows a better biological environment. The SEM micrograph shows a decent balance between the two.[1] Refer Figure 4. Figure 4. SEM micrograph of gelatin extracted from fish scale The XRD diffractogram shows a sharp peak with low intensity at 2=7? ° and a broad peak at 2=19? °. This is usually assigned to the triple helical crystalline structure of gelatin.[1] Conclusion The study shows that L Rohita is a good source of raw material for Gelatin production. It can be determined that gelatin has the necessary porosity for drug delivery and has a triple helical crystalline structure. The FITR shows it chemical bonds. Thus Fish based Gelatin is an effective source of gelatin for drug delivery. References Merina Paul Das, Suguna PR, Karpuram Prasad, Vijaylakshmi JV, Renuka M. Extraction and characterization of gelatin: a functional biopolymer. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017;9(9):239-242. Gavasane AJ, Pawar HA (2014) Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers Used in Controlled Drug Delivery System: An Overview. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 3:121.doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000121 Materials Characterization: Introduction to Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods by Yang Leng, Second Edition (ISBN No. 978-3-527-33463-6) John Wiley Sons (2013) Felix, Pascal Georges, Characterization and correlation analysis of pharmaceutical gelatin (2003). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1365